Movies for TV - Early Television Foundation

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FUNDAMENTALS
ments ranging from around $300 to $3500. The amount spent
depends on the purpose
for which the camera is intended as well
as the accessories required and lenses selected. But even the cheapest
of these will produce high-quality pictures if properly used.
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All the spring-driven cameras have speed controls which make
it possible to film at speeds from eight to sixty-four frames a
second. However, any
film made for exhibition over television or
any sound projector must be exposed at twenty-four
frames a
second if the action is to appear normal on the screen. Sometimes,
to speed up movements which would take too long to show any
appreciable change if filmed at normal speed, 16 frames or even
less may be used. Thus on projection, action which took perhaps
hours to take place, such as a flower opening, may be shown in
minutes. Action scenes where violent movement is needed, such
as trains or other moving objects, may be shot at reduced speed
so as to appear faster on the screen. But it is necessary to ensure
that objectionable jerkiness will not result due to filming at too
slow a speed. "
View Finders Every
'
'
''* *-v"
camera includes a view finder of some
kind. Generally, the one included in the unit price is of only
limited use for picture making, and is often in the form of a built-
in telescope type. Various graticules are available which may be
inserted to indicate the field covered by each lens used. But the
finder is of use only for showing what is more or less photographed.
It does not give any idea of the focus setting needed for the lens.
Very few of the lower- or medium-priced cameras have the fullframe
follow-focus feature which is an integral part of the Pathe
camera. Focussing the filming lens focusses the scene to be photographed
in the view-finder eyepiece as well since the one lens serves
both purposes. Thus not only is it possible to be sure that at all
times the frame contains everything required, but the focus can
be maintained no matter how near or far away the actors move.
Other types, which are almost as convenient, contain auto-
matic, parallax-correcting devices which swing the view finder
in so that the axis of the lens and view finder converge at the same