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• Habib Slim, Professor Emeritus of Law and Political Science, University of Tunis • Informal meeting of SAIS students and Ennahdha youth; Ennahdha office, Tunis Saturday 28 January Departure by bus for Kairouan, accompanied by Mehdi Barhoum, International Alert, Tunisia • Tour of Kairouan historic sites, Great Mosque and Medina • Meeting with a group of about 12 students and workers who were active in the revolution, Café Bir Barouta • Lunch with “I Watch” activists in Kairouan, local restaurant • Meeting with NGO representatives at the “e-mediat” Training Center, Ahmed Hanza, training coordinator; NGO representatives included: Center for Young Entrepreneurs Association of Journalists in Kairouan Kairouanians for the Culture of Citizenship Medical Association of Kairouan Youth Observatory for Democracy Tennis Club of Kairouan Association for Human Development of Kairouan Parents and Teachers Association *Unless otherwise indicated, meetings took place at the Centre d’Etudes Maghrébines à Tunis, Rue d’Angleterre, Tunis 220
Bibliography Abouzeid, Rania. 21 January 2011. “Bouazizi: The Man Who Set Himself and Tunisia on Fire.” Time Magazine. Abrougui, Afef. 10 November 2011. “Tunisia: Army Critic Sentenced to Two Months in Prison.” Global Voices. Accessed at: http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/11/10/tunisia-army-critic-sentenced-to-twomonths-in-prison Achy, Lahcen. December 2011. “Tunisia’s Economic Challenges.” The Carnegie Papers. Carnegie Middle East Center. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. African Economic Outlook. “Tunisia 2011.” http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/countries/north-africa/tunisia Ajmi, Sana. 19 November 2011. “New Uniforms Proposed for Security Forces.” Tunisia Live. Accessed at: http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/11/19/the-interior-ministrydisplaying-samples-of-the-new-uniforms-for-security-agents/. Ajmi, Sana. 15 January 2012. “Visit of Qatari Emir Divides Tunisian Political Society”, Tunisia Live. Accessed at: http://www.tunisia-live.net/2012/01/15/visit-of-qatariemir-divides-tunisian-political-society/. Al-Hilali, Amal. 13 November 2011. “Ennahdha Members Make Conflicting Statements About Women’s Rights in Tunisia.” Al Arabiya News. Allani, Alaya. June 2009. “The Islamists in Tunisia, between Confrontation and Participation: 1998-2008.” Journal of North African Studies, 14:2. Accessed through Jstor on 31 January 2012: http://www.tandfonline.com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/1362938090 2727510. Alexander, Christopher. 2010. Tunisia: Stability and Reform in the Modern Maghreb. Taylor & Francis. Applied Social Sciences Forum “Opinion Poll About Confidence Trends in Tunisian Society (Third Wave).” Conducted January 3 – January 7, 2012. Results accessed at: http://www.assforum.org/web/ppt/barothird(pdf)_eng.pdf Arieff, Alexis. 16 December 2011. “Political Transition in Tunisia.” Congressional Research Service. Report, RS21666. 221
Page 1:
Johns Hopkins University School for
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Acknowledgements We are most gratef
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List of Acronyms AKP Adalet ve Kalk
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xii
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proposed goal (as in the previous e
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democracy is a continual testing pr
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What’s in a Revolution? The timin
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limited to Tunisia, these vivid dep
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political system before any of the
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discontent of so many in Tunisia wh
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eality,” signified by Tunisian pe
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mantra sparked the Kasbah sit-ins r
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in early January of 2011, you would
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independence from the Ottoman Empir
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ack to the 1970s (SAIS Group Meetin
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Two Tunisias: How A Revolution Whic
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continued to cite statistics claimi
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inequality were most severe. Combat
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in government could drop precipitou
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for bold political leadership in Tu
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History of Secularism in Tunisia In
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1) Freedom to form and to join orga
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Source: Stepan, Alfred C. “Religi
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terms of campaigning, the political
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that in practice many people who es
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Short-term • Secular parties must
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Islamism and Laïcité in the Tunis
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girl, a high-achieving student at h
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laws are either supported directly
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and she argues that he, like many s
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during exams, preventing other stud
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Constituent Assembly should keep th
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Women’s Rights in Tunisia: A “N
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dismiss the question as a non-issue
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In immediate post-revolutionary Tun
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Others express concern about the va
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something every Tunisian boy does n
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Mr. Ghannouchi is equally surprised
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Mr. Hedri showed concern over the l
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has occurred in response to politic
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The Post-Transition Constitutional
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Theoretical Literature While there
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Tunisian Case Following Ben Ali’s
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parties. With the internal arrangem
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issues of unemployment, reduced cor
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Recommendations • NCA and politic
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Political Party Development Amy Ham
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experience and expertise, will be k
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with Laryssa Chomiak, SAIS group me
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epresented a complete departure fro
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To some extent, the focus on the qu
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• Enhance the legitimacy and enfo
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Ennahdha and the Salafis Roberta Lu
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The trial against Nabil Karoui, the
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Some Possible Explanations The hesi
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the salafist movement Al-Salafiya A
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violence, to lay the bases for a ne
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Tunisian Civil Society Before and A
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Bourguiba,” Bellin points out,
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nip in the bud any challenges to pa
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“training-of-trainers” (ToT) ev
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The focus of civil society groups i
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economic development in Tunisia. Th
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The Tunisian Youth Fallout: A Look
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that they found voting to be the mo
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head (Dégage, 2011). It should the
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graduates are unemployed (SAIS Grou
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to participate as a citizen in a de
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are rumored to consist only of 3,00
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Medium-term • At some point, the
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Part III: Security, Justice and Eco
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The Role of the Military in Post-Be
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insufficient to prevent the demonst
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disruptions during voting, the tota
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This is in sharp contrast to the mi
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Recommendations While the military
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Internal Security and Reform in Tun
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The Implements of Repression There
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undesirable organizations, stifle d
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evolution, many police, especially
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A Way Forward: Policy Reforms At pr
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Transitional Justice and National R
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Those released therefore included p
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The current situation in many ways
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Page 183 and 184: the commercial interests of the ban
Page 185 and 186: and clear limits to police behavior
Page 187 and 188: Addressing Unemployment Rebekah Cha
Page 189 and 190: The forecasting is based on the ass
Page 191 and 192: of its revolution. This has had a c
Page 193 and 194: Boosting the Tourism Sector The tou
Page 195 and 196: absorb all of the university gradua
Page 197 and 198: language and technology skills, whi
Page 199 and 200: Understanding Unemployment in Tunis
Page 201 and 202: ather than shifts from low to high
Page 203 and 204: Figure 2: Unemployment by age and e
Page 205 and 206: the Tunisian economy. Thus, creatin
Page 207 and 208: • Encourage entrepreneurship: Tra
Page 209 and 210: U.S. Assistance in Tunisia Cody Die
Page 211 and 212: cultural differences that may inhib
Page 213 and 214: the Constitutional Assembly in Tuni
Page 215 and 216: order to receive these funds over o
Page 217 and 218: and access to jobs in Libya for Tun
Page 219 and 220: Conclusion P. Terrence Hopmann The
Page 221 and 222: the domination of the salafis and o
Page 223 and 224: well educated, but under or unemplo
Page 225 and 226: persons, a huge contingent for such
Page 227 and 228: List of Interviewees Washington DC,
Page 229 and 230: • Salah Bourjini, former division
Page 231: • Ahmed Ibrahim, Secretary of the
Page 235 and 236: Cook, Steven A. 20 January 2011.
Page 237 and 238: Le Monde. 25 January 2011. “Tunis
Page 239 and 240: Silver, Vernon. 12 December 2011.
Page 241: World Bank. 2004. “Dynamique de L
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