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Tunisia Live. 1 December 2011. “Tunisian-Libyan Border Crossing at Ras-Jadir Closed.” Accessed at: http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/12/01/tunisian-libyan-bordercrossing-at-ras-jadir-closed/ Tunisia Live. 8 December 2011. “Tunisian Army Intervenes to Avoid Bread Shortage Crisis.” Accessed at: http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/12/08/tunisian-armyintervenes-to-avoid-bread-shortage-crisis/ Tunisia Live. 13 February 2012. “Tunisian Authorities Break Up Alleged al Qaeda Terror Cell.” Accessed at: http://www.tunisia-live.net/2012/02/13/tunisianauthorities-break-up-alleged-al-qaeda-terror-cell/ Tunisia Live. 14 February 2012. “Support Flows in from Tunisian Civil Society for Snow Affected Regions.” Accessed at: http://www.tunisia-live.net/2012/02/14/supportflows-in-from-tunisian-civil-society-for-snow-affected-regions/ Tunisia Live. 15 February 2012. “Gas Station Managers’ Strike May Leave Tunisian Motorists Running on Empty.” Accessed at: http://www.tunisialive.net/2012/02/15/gas-station-managers-strike-may-leave-tunisian-motoristsrunning-on-empty/ “Tunisie: les islamistes au pouvoir confrontés à la pression salafiste.” 25 January 2012. 20 Minutes.Fr. http://www.20minutes.fr/monde/tunisie/866840-tunisie-islamistespouvoir-confrontes-pression-salafiste Uche Ordu, Aloysius, Jacob Kolster, and Nono Matondo-Fundani. “Poverty and Inequality in Tunisia, Morocco, and Mauritania.” African Development Bank. Web. 19 February 2012. http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/North%20A frica%20Poverty%20Anglais%20ok_North%20Africa%20Quaterly%20Analytica l.pdf. Ware, L. B. Winter 1985. “The Role of the Tunisian Military in the Post-Bourguiba Era.” Middle East Journal. 39: 1, 27-47. Ware, L. B. Autumn 1988. “Ben Ali’s Constitutional Coup in Tunisia.” The Middle East Journal, 42: 4, 587-601. Weiner, Allen. 2011. “Constitutions as Peace Treaties: A Cautionary Tale for the Arab Spring.” Stanford Law Review Online. Vol. 64, No. 8. Widner, Jennifer. 2008. “Constitution Writing in Post-Conflict Settings: An Overview.” William and Mary Law Review. Vol. 49, No. 4. World Bank. 2011. Tunisia, Data. http://data.worldbank.org/country/tunisia 228
World Bank. 2004. “Dynamique de L’emploi et Adéquation de la Formation Parmi les Diplomés Universitaires.” Document conjoint du Ministère de l’Emploi et de l'Insertion Professionnelledes Jeunes et de la Banque Mondiale http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTUNISIAINFRENCH/Resources/Dynamiq ue.de.lemploi.pdf World Development Indicators (WDI) and Global Development Finance (GDF), World dataBank. 2011. Washington, DC: World Bank. Accessed 15 January 2012 at: http://data.worldbank.org/country/tunisia Zartman, I. William. 1991. Tunisia: The Political Economy of Reform. L. Rienner. Zouari, Salma. “Court Rejects Charges Against Violators of Political Ad Ban.” Tunisia Live. 28 September 2011. http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/09/28/court-rejectscharges-against-violators-of-political-ad-ban/ 229
Page 1:
Johns Hopkins University School for
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Acknowledgements We are most gratef
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List of Acronyms AKP Adalet ve Kalk
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xii
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proposed goal (as in the previous e
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democracy is a continual testing pr
Page 19 and 20:
What’s in a Revolution? The timin
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limited to Tunisia, these vivid dep
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political system before any of the
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discontent of so many in Tunisia wh
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eality,” signified by Tunisian pe
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mantra sparked the Kasbah sit-ins r
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in early January of 2011, you would
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independence from the Ottoman Empir
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ack to the 1970s (SAIS Group Meetin
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Two Tunisias: How A Revolution Whic
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continued to cite statistics claimi
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inequality were most severe. Combat
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in government could drop precipitou
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for bold political leadership in Tu
Page 50 and 51:
History of Secularism in Tunisia In
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1) Freedom to form and to join orga
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Source: Stepan, Alfred C. “Religi
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terms of campaigning, the political
Page 58 and 59:
that in practice many people who es
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Short-term • Secular parties must
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Islamism and Laïcité in the Tunis
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girl, a high-achieving student at h
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laws are either supported directly
Page 69 and 70:
and she argues that he, like many s
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during exams, preventing other stud
Page 73 and 74:
Constituent Assembly should keep th
Page 75 and 76:
Women’s Rights in Tunisia: A “N
Page 77 and 78:
dismiss the question as a non-issue
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In immediate post-revolutionary Tun
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Others express concern about the va
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something every Tunisian boy does n
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Mr. Ghannouchi is equally surprised
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Mr. Hedri showed concern over the l
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has occurred in response to politic
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The Post-Transition Constitutional
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Theoretical Literature While there
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Tunisian Case Following Ben Ali’s
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parties. With the internal arrangem
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issues of unemployment, reduced cor
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Recommendations • NCA and politic
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Political Party Development Amy Ham
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experience and expertise, will be k
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with Laryssa Chomiak, SAIS group me
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epresented a complete departure fro
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To some extent, the focus on the qu
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• Enhance the legitimacy and enfo
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Ennahdha and the Salafis Roberta Lu
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The trial against Nabil Karoui, the
Page 121 and 122:
Some Possible Explanations The hesi
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the salafist movement Al-Salafiya A
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violence, to lay the bases for a ne
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Tunisian Civil Society Before and A
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Bourguiba,” Bellin points out,
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nip in the bud any challenges to pa
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“training-of-trainers” (ToT) ev
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The focus of civil society groups i
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economic development in Tunisia. Th
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The Tunisian Youth Fallout: A Look
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that they found voting to be the mo
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head (Dégage, 2011). It should the
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graduates are unemployed (SAIS Grou
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to participate as a citizen in a de
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are rumored to consist only of 3,00
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Medium-term • At some point, the
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Part III: Security, Justice and Eco
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The Role of the Military in Post-Be
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insufficient to prevent the demonst
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disruptions during voting, the tota
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This is in sharp contrast to the mi
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Recommendations While the military
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Internal Security and Reform in Tun
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The Implements of Repression There
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undesirable organizations, stifle d
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evolution, many police, especially
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A Way Forward: Policy Reforms At pr
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Transitional Justice and National R
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Those released therefore included p
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The current situation in many ways
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circulating that the informal strik
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the commercial interests of the ban
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and clear limits to police behavior
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Addressing Unemployment Rebekah Cha
Page 189 and 190: The forecasting is based on the ass
Page 191 and 192: of its revolution. This has had a c
Page 193 and 194: Boosting the Tourism Sector The tou
Page 195 and 196: absorb all of the university gradua
Page 197 and 198: language and technology skills, whi
Page 199 and 200: Understanding Unemployment in Tunis
Page 201 and 202: ather than shifts from low to high
Page 203 and 204: Figure 2: Unemployment by age and e
Page 205 and 206: the Tunisian economy. Thus, creatin
Page 207 and 208: • Encourage entrepreneurship: Tra
Page 209 and 210: U.S. Assistance in Tunisia Cody Die
Page 211 and 212: cultural differences that may inhib
Page 213 and 214: the Constitutional Assembly in Tuni
Page 215 and 216: order to receive these funds over o
Page 217 and 218: and access to jobs in Libya for Tun
Page 219 and 220: Conclusion P. Terrence Hopmann The
Page 221 and 222: the domination of the salafis and o
Page 223 and 224: well educated, but under or unemplo
Page 225 and 226: persons, a huge contingent for such
Page 227 and 228: List of Interviewees Washington DC,
Page 229 and 230: • Salah Bourjini, former division
Page 231 and 232: • Ahmed Ibrahim, Secretary of the
Page 233 and 234: Bibliography Abouzeid, Rania. 21 Ja
Page 235 and 236: Cook, Steven A. 20 January 2011.
Page 237 and 238: Le Monde. 25 January 2011. “Tunis
Page 239: Silver, Vernon. 12 December 2011.
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