Developmental psychology.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Memory 257 10. Forgetting apparently can occur even when the memory trace remains. In repressive forgetting, it is hypothesized that unpleasant thoughts are unconsciously excluded from awareness, an outcome sometimes called motivated forgetting. This problem is a retrieval failure. Principles of Memorizing 11. Motivation is a most important aspect of successful memory. The Zeigarnik effect indicates that forgetting may be very rapid when one has no desire to remember, and overlearning shows that through extra effort one can build up resistance to forgetting. 12. For retrieval of a memory, appropriate cues are needed. The method of loci illustrates these cues, as does the peg word system. Critical Terms Transmitter substance Hippocampus Reappearance hypothesis Reconstruction hypothesis Memory trace Recall Recognition Relearning Sensory register Short-term memory Long-term memory Encoding Decay theory Consolidation theory Interference theory Repressive forgetting Zeigarnik effect Method of loci Cross References Memory Stages and Processes (238). The concept of information processing is also central to much research on thinking (213). Interference Theory (246). Proactive and retroactive inhibition are related to negative transfer. The former is concerned with prior influences that disrupt memory; the latter involves current influences that retard learning (279). Repressive Forgetting (249). Repression is the second stage in a three-step sequence of unconscious motivation, according to psychoanalysis (337). Suggested Readings Klatzky, R. L, (1980). Human memory: Structures and processes (2nd ed.). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. A readable presentation. Reason, J., & Mycielska, K. (1982). Absent-minded? The psychology of mental lapses and everyday errors. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Combines examples from research, and daily life. Seamon, J. G. (Ed.) (1980). Human memory: Contemporary readings. New York: Oxford Press. Designed for advanced undergraduate courses. Wingfield, A., & Byrnes, D. L. (1981). The psychology of human memory. New York: Academic Press. An introductory text. Zusne, L., & Jones, W. H. (1982). Anomalistic psychology: A study of extraordinary phenomena of behavior and experience. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. Includes a chapter on memory, as well as others on psychophysiology, occultism, and group phenomena.
*. .^ < i; ; : ;^щ«
Page 1 and 2:
MUNN'S NTRODUCTION TO FERNALD/FERNA
Page 4 and 5:
INTRODUCTION TO Psychology L. DODGE
Page 6:
List of Figures xv Acknowledgments
Page 9 and 10:
viii Contents Part 2 The Human Orga
Page 11 and 12:
Contents Part 4 Learning and Inform
Page 13 and 14:
xii Contents Part 6 Individual Diff
Page 15 and 16:
xiv Contents Part 8 Psychology and
Page 17 and 18:
xvi List of Figures Figure 8.1 Lana
Page 20 and 21:
As the reader Purely will decide, t
Page 23:
A Journey
Page 26 and 27:
Prologue Title Topic Source /. Psyc
Page 28 and 29:
Prologue xxvii Like the response pa
Page 30:
INTRODUCTION TO Psychology
Page 35 and 36:
Background and Methods At mealtime
Page 37 and 38:
Background and Methods Figure 1.2 T
Page 39 and 40:
10 Background and Methods 'One spri
Page 41 and 42:
12 Background and Methods It should
Page 43 and 44:
14 Background and Methods James and
Page 45 and 46:
16 Background and Methods Figure 1.
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
22 Background and Methods 'Sitting
Page 53 and 54:
24 Background and Methods Each of t
Page 55 and 56:
26 Background and Methods Emergence
Page 59 and 60:
30 Background and Methods "My mothe
Page 61 and 62:
32 Background and Methods Collectin
Page 63 and 64:
34 Background and Methods A related
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
38 Background and Methods *l was on
Page 69 and 70:
40 Background and Methods CLINICAL
Page 71 and 72:
42 Background and Methods Psycholog
Page 73 and 74:
Background and Methods Another trou
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
48 Background and Methods When the
Page 79 and 80:
50 Background and Methods RESEARCH
Page 81 and 82:
52 Background and Methods Prior to
Page 83 and 84:
54 Background and Methods Survey Me
Page 89 and 90:
60 The Human Organism The study of
Page 91 and 92:
62 The Human Organism Figure 3.4 In
Page 93 and 94:
64 The Human Organism Figure 3.7 De
Page 95 and 96:
66 The Human Organism The increased
Page 97 and 98:
68 The Human Organism This totally
Page 99 and 100:
Plate 2 Eight-Week-Old Fetus. In ju
Page 101 and 102:
70 The Human Organism Sensorimotor
Page 103 and 104:
72 The Human Organism The deprivati
Page 105 and 106:
74 The Human Organism Figure 3.13 I
Page 107 and 108:
76 The Human Organism The qualifica
Page 109 and 110:
78 The Human Organism Figure 3.15 D
Page 111 and 112:
80 The Human Organism Figure 3.17 A
Page 113 and 114:
82 The Human Organism Transfer Grou
Page 115 and 116:
84 The Human Organism INDIVIDUAL DI
Page 117 and 118:
86 The Human Organism Heredity and
Page 120 and 121:
fftgtepoiitfHf ДОИ* * L» i-'"-,
Page 122 and 123:
Physiology and Behavior 91 Figure 4
Page 124 and 125:
Physiology and Behavior 93 —f Res
Page 126 and 127:
Physiology and Behavior 95 Figure 4
Page 128 and 129:
Physiology and Behavior 97 Receptor
Page 130 and 131:
Physiology and Behavior 99 Motor Pr
Page 132 and 133:
Physiology and Behavior 101 Nonsens
Page 134 and 135:
.,••. ь • • : • ; •
Page 136 and 137:
Physiology and Behavior 105 On this
Page 138 and 139:
Physiology and Behavior 107 Lung He
Page 140 and 141:
Physiology and Behavior 109 part of
Page 142 and 143:
Physiology and Behavior 111 One fun
Page 144 and 145:
Physiology and Behavior 113 Figure
Page 146 and 147:
Physiology and Behavior 115 Subcort
Page 149 and 150:
•'л§ а- 1 : '•:£•* a i'A
Page 153 and 154:
122 Modes of Awareness In this chap
Page 155 and 156:
124 Modes of Awareness *James Bond
Page 157 and 158:
126 Modes of Awareness TRADITIONAL
Page 159 and 160:
128 Modes of Awareness Figure 5.5 T
Page 161 and 162:
130 Modes of Awareness *l knew a gu
Page 163 and 164:
132 Modes of Awareness Figure 5.8 C
Page 165 and 166:
Plate 6 Retinal Color Zones. This c
Page 167 and 168:
134 Modes of Awareness whereas the
Page 169 and 170:
136 Modes of Awareness -J- Hair Fre
Page 171 and 172:
138 Modes of Awareness Figure 5.13
Page 173 and 174:
140 Modes of Awareness 'I've often
Page 175 and 176:
142 Modes of Awareness the light ea
Page 177 and 178:
144 Modes of Awareness 5. The stimu
Page 179 and 180:
K^^rT, •. -Y - w* 7 r< - ч. 3i>.
Page 181 and 182:
148 Modes of Awareness The boy's ar
Page 183 and 184:
150 Modes of Awareness Stimulus Cha
Page 185 and 186:
152 Modes of Awareness Figure 6.3 I
Page 187 and 188:
1S4 Modes of Awareness L \ С Figur
Page 189 and 190:
156 Modes of Awareness MAKING AN IN
Page 191 and 192:
158 Modes of Awareness 'When I was
Page 193 and 194:
160 Modes of Awareness The same sor
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
164 Modes of Awareness Achieving an
Page 199 and 200:
166 Modes of Awareness Altogether,
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
170 Modes of Awareness A most impor
Page 205 and 206:
172 Modes of Awareness 7. An illusi
Page 207:
,_•,„-:..&и';#&*•;,. 77:^7
Page 210 and 211:
7 Learning as Conditioning CLASSICA
Page 212 and 213:
Learning as Conditioning 179 Classi
Page 214 and 215:
Learning as Conditioning 181 Consid
Page 216 and 217:
Learning as Conditioning 183 the cl
Page 218 and 219:
Learning as Conditioning 185 Pavlov
Page 220 and 221:
Learning as Conditioning 187 A food
Page 222 and 223:
Learning as Conditioning 189 hours,
Page 224 and 225:
Learning as Conditioning 191 1,000
Page 226 and 227:
Learning as Conditioning 193 Extern
Page 228 and 229:
Learning as Conditioning 195 The or
Page 230 and 231:
Learning as Conditioning 197 This v
Page 232:
Learning as Conditioning 199 Critic
Page 235 and 236:
202 Learning and Information Proces
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242: 208 Learning and Information Proces
Page 261: 228 Learning and Information Proces
Page 264 and 265: Memory Rote Mnembiifc'fievices iMRn
Page 266 and 267: Memory 233 which in this case were
Page 268 and 269: Memory 235 Reappearance Hypothesis
Page 270 and 271: Memory 237 Method of Recognition If
Page 272 and 273: Memory 239 Images in the Sensjry Sy
Page 274 and 275: Memory 241 In this sense Harold Bur
Page 276 and 277: Memory 243 Depth of processing is n
Page 278 and 279: Plate 9 Structure of DNA. The disco
Page 280 and 281: Memory 245 Figure 9.10 Decay Theory
Page 282 and 283: Memory 247 Figure 9.12 Interference
Page 284 and 285: Memory 249 Repressive Forgetting Ou
Page 286 and 287: Memory 251 Type of Passage Original
Page 288 and 289: Memory 253 Figure 9.18 Overlearning
Page 290 and 291: Memory 255 Memory trace Physiologic
Page 294 and 295: - " - • ~ and Instruction . p Of
Page 296 and 297: Learning and Instruction 261 After
Page 298 and 299: Learning and Instruction 263 For th
Page 300 and 301: Learning and Instruction 265 Figure
Page 304 and 305: Learning and Instruction 269 1. Stu
Page 306 and 307: Learning and Instruction 271 domain
Page 308 and 309: — Learning and Instruction 273 d>
Page 312 and 313: Learning and Instruction 277 Useful
Page 314 and 315: Learning and Instruction 279 cube,
Page 316 and 317: Learning and Instruction 281 10. Th
Page 319 and 320: d l Robin's Voyage ••-,-й . я
Page 321 and 322: 286 Motivation and Emotion Robin's
Page 323 and 324: 288 Motivation and Emotion Figure 1
Page 325 and 326: 290 Motivation and Emotion Robin al
Page 327 and 328: 292 Motivation and Emotion Species
Page 331 and 332: 296 Motivation and Emotion Method o
Page 333 and 334: 298 Motivation and Emotion Cellular
Page 335 and 336: 300 MotivatiO7i and Emotion *' v
Page 339 and 340: 304 Motivation and Emotion Social I
Page 341 and 342: 306 Motivation and Emotion Critique
Page 343 and 344:
308 Motivation and Emotion Figure 1
Page 345 and 346:
310 Motivation and Emotion 3. As on
Page 347 and 348:
Together i^lf*
Page 349 and 350:
314 Motivation and Emotion Stephen
Page 351 and 352:
316 Motivation and Emotion *We all
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
320 Motivation and Emotion 'Last Sa
Page 357 and 358:
322 Motivation and Emotion "This st
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
326 Motivation and Emotion of neigh
Page 363 and 364:
328 Motivation and Emotion Here aga
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
332 Motivation and Emotion ;...•>
Page 369 and 370:
334 Motivation and Emotion 14 Figur
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
338 Motivation and Emotion Summary
Page 375:
340 Motivation and Emotion Critical
Page 378 and 379:
г -' -'-"i-i-г- • * * • -!*'
Page 380 and 381:
METHODS OF Early Development» Со
Page 382 and 383:
Tests and Measurement 347 Early Dev
Page 384 and 385:
Tests and Measurement 349 Figure 13
Page 386 and 387:
Tests and Measurement 351 1. Will y
Page 388 and 389:
Tests and Measurement 353 General K
Page 390 and 391:
Tests and Measurement 355 Weights H
Page 392 and 393:
Plate11 Testing Spatial Relations A
Page 394 and 395:
1 .•• Tests and Measurement 357
Page 396 and 397:
Tests and Measurement 359 The pisto
Page 398 and 399:
Tests and Measurement 361 Norm-Refe
Page 400 and 401:
Tests and Measurement 363 Evaluatio
Page 402 and 403:
Tests and Measurement 365 Summary M
Page 406 and 407:
Intelligence "tiEMSOHEMENT OFINTELL
Page 408 and 409:
Intelligence 371 Binet's Early Scal
Page 410 and 411:
Intelligence 373 But any complex so
Page 412 and 413:
Intelligence 375 Figure 14.8 Struct
Page 414 and 415:
Intelligence 377 Terman and Goddard
Page 416 and 417:
Intelligence 379 Goddard completely
Page 418 and 419:
Intelligence 381 With regard to phy
Page 420 and 421:
Intelligence 383 ORIGINS OF INTELLI
Page 422 and 423:
Intelligence 385 Figure 14.16 Exami
Page 424 and 425:
Intelligence 387 Both factors are a
Page 426 and 427:
Intelligence 389 CD 8 6.4 6.2 60 I
Page 428 and 429:
Intelligence 391 This commentary, f
Page 430:
Intelligence 393 8. Surveys have sh
Page 434 and 435:
Personality THEORY OF PSYCHOANALYSI
Page 436 and 437:
Personality 399 Figure 15.2 Fraud i
Page 438 and 439:
Personality 401 Figure 15.4 Imitati
Page 440 and 441:
Personality 403 Jenny's Unconscious
Page 442 and 443:
Personality 405 Figure 15.6 Project
Page 444 and 445:
Personality 407 thus offers greater
Page 446 and 447:
Personality 409 Figure 15.8 A Lette
Page 448 and 449:
Personality 411 LEARNING THEORY Aft
Page 450 and 451:
Personality 413 Vicarious Reinforce
Page 452 and 453:
Personality 415 is a function of S-
Page 454 and 455:
Personality 417 Person-Centered App
Page 456 and 457:
Personality 419 incongruence should
Page 458 and 459:
Plate 15 Adjustment as a Continuous
Page 460 and 461:
Personality 421 This approach somet
Page 462:
Personality 423 Critical Terms Pers
Page 466 and 467:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 427 PR
Page 468 and 469:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 429 -
Page 470 and 471:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 431 Av
Page 472 and 473:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 433 Ag
Page 474 and 475:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 435 Co
Page 476 and 477:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 437 In
Page 478 and 479:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 439 Fi
Page 480 and 481:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 441 Ac
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 445 Ma
Page 486 and 487:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 447 En
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 451 Si
Page 492 and 493:
Adjustment and Maladjustment 453 13
Page 494 and 495:
" *•. i" 'A *-t) V .c | to his д
Page 496 and 497:
Therapy 457 But alcohol was only an
Page 498 and 499:
Therapy 459 f-V '" ..;••*•:
Page 500 and 501:
Therapy 461 merit, using somewhat d
Page 502 and 503:
Therapy 463 T: "You did. You must h
Page 504 and 505:
Therapy 465 A basic procedure in lo
Page 506 and 507:
Therapy 467 Examination hierarchy 1
Page 508 and 509:
Therapy 469 the food itself. Or may
Page 510 and 511:
Therapy 471 Figure 17.12 Boxing and
Page 512 and 513:
Therapy 473 Figure 17.14 JW's Mood
Page 514 and 515:
Therapy 475 Influence of Drugs Drug
Page 516 and 517:
Therapy 477 Problems in Measuring C
Page 518 and 519:
Therapy 479 The extent to which any
Page 520 and 521:
Therapy 481 2. In person-centered c
Page 522 and 523:
Therapy 483 Suggested Readings Belk
Page 527 and 528:
488 Psychology and Society These pe
Page 529 and 530:
490 Psychology and Society Changing
Page 531 and 532:
492 Psychology and Society Figure 1
Page 533 and 534:
494 Psychology and Society In any r
Page 535 and 536:
496 Psychology and Society INTERPER
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
500 Psychology and Society 30 Figur
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
506 Psychology and Society 'A situa
Page 547 and 548:
508 Psychology and Society petition
Page 549 and 550:
510 Psychology and Society terror i
Page 551 and 552:
512 Psychology and Society Summary
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
518 Psychology and Society This pro
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
524 Psychology and Society METHODS
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
528 Psychology and Society Row Figu
Page 569 and 570:
530 Psychology and Society Study of
Page 571 and 572:
532 Psychology and Society The quan
Page 573:
534 Psychology and Society Cross Re
Page 577 and 578:
538 Psychology and Society We begin
Page 579 and 580:
540 Psychology and Society To find
Page 581 and 582:
542 Psychology and Society Another
Page 583 and 584:
544 Psychology and Society LAW AND
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
648 Psychology and Society Research
Page 589 and 590:
550 Psychology and Society Rank the
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
554 Psychology and Society Architec
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
558 Psychology and Society Televisi
Page 599 and 600:
560 Psychology and Society Summary
Page 602 and 603:
•*. -V . |Epiloguer* Psychology i
Page 604:
Epilogue 565 Figure E.2 Research in
Page 607 and 608:
568 Glossary affective state* A psy
Page 609 and 610:
570 Glossary avoidance-avoidance co
Page 611 and 612:
572 Glossary Clever Hans phenomenon
Page 613 and 614:
574 Glossary consolidation theory A
Page 615 and 616:
576 Glossary dependent variable An
Page 617 and 618:
578 Glossary electroconvulsive ther
Page 619 and 620:
580 Glossary fixed ratio reinforcem
Page 621 and 622:
582 Glossary higher-order condition
Page 623 and 624:
584 Glossary intensity The quantita
Page 625 and 626:
586 Glossary Likert method An attit
Page 627 and 628:
588 Glossary motor Pertaining to mu
Page 629 and 630:
590 Glossary operations In the stru
Page 631 and 632:
592 Glossary phobic disorder A stro
Page 633 and 634:
594 Glossary psychoanalysis A syste
Page 635 and 636:
596 Glossary relative movement in p
Page 637 and 638:
598 Glossary self-reinforcement sch
Page 639 and 640:
600 Glossary special classes An app
Page 641 and 642:
602 Glossary telegraphic utterances
Page 643 and 644:
604 Glossary variable A changeable
Page 645 and 646:
606 References Bahrick, L. E., Walk
Page 647 and 648:
608 References Cappon, D., & Banks,
Page 649 and 650:
610 References Eysenck, H. J., & Ka
Page 651 and 652:
612 References Guilford, J. P. (197
Page 653 and 654:
614 References Jensen, A. R' (1969)
Page 655 and 656:
616 References Limber, J. (1977). L
Page 657 and 658:
618 References Moore, В. S. Underw
Page 659 and 660:
620 References Roethlisberger, F. J
Page 661 and 662:
622 References Skeels, H. M. (1973)
Page 663 and 664:
624 References Van Gogh, V. (1888).
Page 666 and 667:
life -"**. - _ T • is * * 4 = * i
Page 668 and 669:
Credits 629 Chapter 3 Figure 3.4 Fr
Page 670 and 671:
Name Index Aarons. L, 272 Abdel-Hal
Page 672 and 673:
Index 633 Hirvonen. M. D., 295 Hitl
Page 674:
Index 635 Sladen, W. J. L, 33 Slate
Page 677 and 678:
638 Index California Personality In
Page 679 and 680:
640 Index intelligence quotient (!Q
Page 681 and 682:
642 Index reaction formation, 434 r
show all

Developmental psychology.pdf

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?