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freed of 10 bodies in Marasesti , 40 in Inotesti , and fi nally it ar rived inCalarasi . Here, Sub-Lieu ten ant Aurel Triandaf was not able to hand overmore than 1,011 liv ing, 69 dying and 25 dead per sons from the 2,430 whohad been loaded onto the train in Iasi , a fig ure which had de creased to1,776 by the time he took over in Targu Frumos .The sur vi vors were ac com mo dated in a warehouse in the yard of the bar -racks of the 23rd Infantry Regiment. Throughout the two months theyspent in Calarasi, they lived in mis er a ble conditions, de spite be ing aided bythe Un ion of Jew ish Re li gious Communities, and the fact that the lo cal au -thor i ties were rel a tively well-dis posed to wards them. Unsurprisingly, itwas almost im pos si ble to re lieve their suf fer ings. They were in such a ter ri -ble state that of the 1,100 peo ple there, 25 were buried on the first day, andfrom then on 6-7 died daily, and 95 had to be hos pi tal ized; two thirds ofthem were completely na ked and the rest were wear ing noth ing but theirshirts. /..../August 1941Iasi is calm again. Con di tions in the town could al most be de scribed asnor mal. Due to the urges or threats of the au thor i ties, the Jew ish women ofIasi had to take the place of the men, whose bodies were rot ting in hugecom mon graves, or who were suffering in internment camps in PodulIloaei and Calarasi.The town is flooded with or ga ni za tions con duct ing in ves ti ga tions: theMin is try of the In te rior, Gen eral Head quar ters, the Spe cial In for ma tionSer vice, etc. Each has sent a representative to investigate the causes and cir -cum stances of the po grom, and the ter ri ble crimes com mit ted. Not one,how ever, dared find any one guilty.Gen eral Emanoil Leoveanu , Se nior Director of the Siguaranta , sent byGen eral Ion Antonescu himself, was only able to carry out su per fi cial en -quiries, because, about three hours after his ar rival, the Ger man mil i taryau thor i ties asked him to leave town. How ever, his time spent there wasenough for him to establish that no Jew had fired at the army, and that notone sin gle Ger man or Ro ma nian sol dier had been wounded, the entire110
cha otic event had been noth ing other than an or ches trated Iron Guard orfascist cha rade, or ga nized for the purpose of ex ter mi nat ing Jews.De spite the fact that, through these in ves ti ga tions, ev ery lead ing per son al -ity be came acquainted with the truth, nobody thought that the le thal poi -son, with which the soul of the masses had been im preg nated, should beneu tral ized.The contrary was to be the case. Hardly had the fren zied at mo sphere be -gun to nor mal ize than the new mil i tary commander of the town, GeneralDumitru Carlaont , is sued an edict that all Jews were to wear signs to dis -tin guish themselves from other cit i zens. This served to cre ate fresh con di -tions for anx i ety and suf fer ing. As a re sult of the same edict, a num ber ofJews from Iasi were chased out of their homes, and for bid den to take any -thing with them, apart from their clothes.The av a lanche of mea sures against Jews began: the or ga ni za tion of la borser vice, loan subscriptions, the ex pul sion of ten ants and own ers from theirflats, de por ta tion to Transnistria , etc.These mea sures, how ever, were still not enough to sat isfy some of fi cials.New attempts were made at organized provocation; as in the case when‘provocative ob jects’ were found in the syn a gogue in Ger man Street,among the ob jects in question was a portrait of Sta lin, which may havebeen planted there by the po lice.As frame-ups and acts of prov o ca tion showed no signs of success, of fi cialsturned to the cen tral au thor i ties with their ghastly pro pos als. Po lice Su per -in ten dent Lieu ten ant-Col o nel Constantin Chirilovici — mis tak enly con -sid ered conscientious and well-dis posed by many Jews —expressed hissat is fac tion to the gov ern ment with what the army had done on June 29,but expressed his re gret that lit tle had been achieved dur ing the po grom.111
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Matatias Carp:Holocaust in RomaniaF
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ContentsPreface to the English Edit
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Preface to the EnglishEditionYou ha
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came here rather inclined to condon
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years and 7 months, plenty of time
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Foreword to the OriginalEditionMata
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li gious Com mu nities, and nei the
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Part 1. The Iron GuardThe History o
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summer of 1944. By September 1, 194
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to save their lives by es cap ing i
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An Outline of the Suffering ofRoman
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on the first day of the occupation
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From among the starving, exhausted
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Most of them, how ever, were killed
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On October 10, 1942, 80 children, 4
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wa ter brought in buck ets. How eve
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2. Robbing EvacueesThe Jew ish cit
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(c) Stealing aid sent to de port ee
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IV. Expropriation ActsUn der provis
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-almost all the Jewish schools in t
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XII. Withdrawal of the Right to Wor
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(c) Crafts menThe cer tif i cates o
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also forced to bear fi nan cial sac
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Those Responsible for the Atrocitie
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18. The ad min is tra tive apparatu
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sures in ar eas close to the front
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The Iron Guard GovernmentSeptember
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“I ensure Mr. Filderman that if h
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defends Jews—as their well-paid l
Page 63 and 64: these aliens be cause the gov ern m
Page 65 and 66: The Cap tain of the Met ro pol i ta
Page 67 and 68: Naturally, the activities of the Ir
Page 69 and 70: the legal formalities of the exprop
Page 71 and 72: From among the huge mass of lunatic
Page 73 and 74: forged to assist the final aim: Iro
Page 75 and 76: Handels Gremium zu Kronstadt ” al
Page 77 and 78: complaints prove justified, it is t
Page 79 and 80: His de ci sion was to be come fi na
Page 81 and 82: All quarters and all targets were a
Page 83 and 84: Part 2. The Pogrom in IasiHistorica
Page 85 and 86: of post ers in cit ing peo ple to k
Page 87 and 88: On the same night, on the initiativ
Page 89 and 90: sued by Ion Antonescu on June 19 se
Page 91 and 92: While the archives of the SSI re ma
Page 93 and 94: ter. As a mat ter of fact, they wer
Page 95 and 96: to Targu Jiu, women, chil dren and
Page 97 and 98: immediately, the seriously in jured
Page 99 and 100: June 26) Gen eral Leoveanu , the ex
Page 101 and 102: The au thor i ties or der a Gendarm
Page 103 and 104: forced on them by the beasts. Most
Page 105 and 106: The ru mor that the Ger mans had oc
Page 107 and 108: Col o nel Captaru (county head) wit
Page 109 and 110: last chance. That night only 3 car
Page 111 and 112: iages, while oth ers held as many a
Page 113: sub urbs. The num ber of victims wa
Page 117 and 118: Selected DocumentsPre sid ium of th
Page 119 and 120: An nounce mentRe cently there have
Page 121 and 122: 5.The tes ti mony of Lieu ten ant-C
Page 123 and 124: Antonescu a few days be fore the po
Page 125 and 126: town. Grigore Petrovici had ev ery
Page 127 and 128: I have been Dep uty Pres i dent of
Page 129 and 130: As the lo cal Chief of Po lice at t
Page 131 and 132: The of fi cers of the 6th Ri fle Re
Page 133 and 134: 15.From the tes ti mony of Lieu ten
Page 135 and 136: corpses. Most of the women had cov
Page 137 and 138: 17.Iasi Central Po lice Sta tion Re
Page 139 and 140: The Ger mans be gan to search the d
Page 141 and 142: Lieu ten ant-Col o nel Al. Manoil m
Page 143 and 144: The mood and dis po si tion of the
Page 145 and 146: Vivoschi; Iosub Ghita ; Gheorghe Gr
Page 147 and 148: Ac cord ing to pro vi sions of the
Page 149 and 150: Part 3. TransnistriaHistorical Revi
Page 151 and 152: later (April 10, 1882) by the great
Page 153 and 154: The will of the Germans was the dir
Page 155 and 156: press of Bucharest, did not meet wi
Page 157 and 158: Ru ma nian pseudo-de moc racy, and
Page 159 and 160: oth ers from be ing enacted, and ev
Page 161 and 162: While Transnistria does not call to
Page 163 and 164: The Massacres in Bessarabia,Bucovin
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oaming the city center and the Jewi
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east of a major ordered the carcass
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ual and mass, are committed by Ro m
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July 5, 1941Following an order give
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night, the women were barbarically
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July 8, 1941Romanian troops oc cu p
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Moghilev . The consignment of 300 p
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We can conclude that two months aft
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suf fo ca tion—some times these w
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July 8, 1941Col o nel Meculescu , C
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August 2, 1941Bessarabian Jews, who
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Note: Al though the com mand was en
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October 31, 1941The de por ta tion
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Deportations from Bucovina, Dorohoi
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lived scattered in the town, are no
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eing beaten with clubs and rifle bu
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Murders in Odessa and in theCountie
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Jews are allowed to live only in ce
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January 17: 1,104January 18: 1,293J
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Deportations in the Spring andAutum
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June 28, 1942A new Black Sunday for
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cause not only pain, but also fear.
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The Minister of the Interior, Gener
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Life and Death in TransnistriaThe C
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onwards on foot towards Lucinet , C
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January 5, 1942In Obadovca the pete
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Both the number of patients and dea
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winter, most of them fell victim to
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March, 1943In Oc to ber 1943, Wilhe
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longer beaten by officers and soldi
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RepatriationThe Chronological Order
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The committee proposed allowing the
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The committee which had set off for
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Selected DocumentsCir cu lar No.206
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The lo cal au thor i ties may also
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9.July 5, 1942, No.192The Office of
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tions, I am sure that the most hor
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