Holocaust in Romania - Corvinus Library - Hungarian History

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Un ion of Pro fes sional Jour nal ists rid itself of Jews, on 29 the Council ofthe As so ci a tion of the Cham bers of Com merce “ho mog e nized its lead er -ship with the help of Ro ma nian elements”.At the be gin ning of Oc to ber and November those embarrassed about lag -ging behind were anx ious to close the gap. On Oc to ber 4 the Un ion of Ro -ma nian Writers, on 6th the Trade Un ion of Journalists of Bucovina , on7th the So ci ety of the Li censed Electricians, on 10th the National Unionof Dentists, and on the same day the So ci ety of En tre pre neurs for PublicWorks, on the fol low ing day the Society of Architects (on the occasion oftheir 50th an ni ver sary), fol lowed by the Trade Un ion of Art ists (Oc to ber12), the Ro ma nian So ci ety of Eye, Ear and Throat Spe cial ists (Oc to ber 12)the Na tional So ci ety of Chem i cal En gi neers (Oc to ber 17), the “Scenic Ro -ma nia” Board of Tour ism (Oc to ber 26), the Campina Chamber of Com -merce, the Society of En do cri nol o gists (Oc to ber 30), the Society ofBucharest Abattoir Butchers (Oc to ber 30), the So ci ety of Ro ma nian Pub -licists (November 8), the Directorship of Boxers, Wres tlers, etc. (No vem -ber 8), and last but not least, on No vem ber 10, the Na tional So ci ety ofUni ver sity Pro fes sors and the So ci ety of Deaf and Dumb Peo ple expelledtheir Jewish colleagues and mem bers.September ended with a sensational interview, given by GeneralAntonescu to the Italian newspaper “Stampa ”; this was made public by theBucharest newspapers on September 30, together with detailedexplanations and praise for the “leader” as well as insults and outbursts ofhatred aimed at Jews.This was the first time the general publicly and substantially dealt with theJewish issue; this was the first time he started to make threats: changes,dismissals, expropriation, expatriation—this was what the Leadermentioned in his first announcement regarding the fate of a population of400,000, which had set root in the country centuries previously, andplayed such an important role in its development, a role which could notbe compared to that played by all the other minorities put together.The general said the following, word for word:“The economy and capital of Ro ma nia is in the hands of the Jews. Theyalso had a mo nop oly on credit. Real Romanians have been sidelined by58
these aliens be cause the gov ern ments of Ro ma nia have not provided themwith credit and ac cess to the eco nomic mar ket. How ever, companies di -rected by Romanians also exist in Romania, and these prove the ex cel lentabil ity of our race”.“I will solve the Jewish issue in the course of re or ga niz ing the state. I willgrad u ally sub sti tute Jews with Romanians, first of all with mem bers of theIron Guard, who will pre pare them selves for this in the mean time. We willex pro pri ate the great est part of Jewish property, and will com pen sate themfor this. Jews who en tered the country af ter 1913, in other words af ter thesec ond Balkan War, will be expatriated as soon as possible, re gard less ofwhether they be come Ro ma nian citizens in the in terim. While this is tak -ing place, we will substitute the oth ers, as I have al ready said, step by step.Jews will have be allowed to live in this coun try, but will not have the op -por tu nity to be the ben e fi cia ries of its re sources and wealth. Firstly, it mustbe the Romanians who live in Ro ma nia, they must as sume worthier po si -tions; the oth ers can only come af ter them, if there are free places left."If the first month of Iron Guard rule was the period of experimentationand randomly testing the water, the second was designed to lay soundfoundations and organize everything in the fur their interest of theGerman Empire and Iron Guard movement.During this period mem bers of the Iron Guard pen e trated into the deep estcorners of the state and all sec tors of the econ omy; this was the time of thedu bi ous and un pre pared elements which flooded all the large commercialand in dus trial companies as com mis sars of Romanianization ; this was thetime when the Min is ter of the In te rior and the man ag ing director of theState Se cu rity Or ga ni za tion, the trust ees of peace and or der, re placed thepro fes sional po lice men of cen tral and other po lice sta tions throughout thewhole coun try with absolutely un pre pared peo ple (graduates from ArtsFaculties, Busi ness Colleges and schools, etc.). It was known that thesewould bar bar i cally en gage in acts of ter ror without any inhibitions andoblige in a way sim i lar to the Iron Guard up ris ing al ready on the ho ri zon;this was the time of the preparation and en act ment of those foul billswhich would later be come the ba sis for acts of loot ing and per se cu tion.On the basis of a prepared plan, into which the general atmosphere wascalculated (the atmosphere which forced a constant climate of tension and59
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Matatias Carp:Holocaust in RomaniaF
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ContentsPreface to the English Edit
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Preface to the EnglishEditionYou ha
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came here rather inclined to condon
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years and 7 months, plenty of time
Page 15 and 16: Foreword to the OriginalEditionMata
Page 17 and 18: li gious Com mu nities, and nei the
Page 19 and 20: Part 1. The Iron GuardThe History o
Page 21 and 22: summer of 1944. By September 1, 194
Page 23 and 24: to save their lives by es cap ing i
Page 25 and 26: An Outline of the Suffering ofRoman
Page 27 and 28: on the first day of the occupation
Page 29 and 30: From among the starving, exhausted
Page 31 and 32: Most of them, how ever, were killed
Page 33 and 34: On October 10, 1942, 80 children, 4
Page 35 and 36: wa ter brought in buck ets. How eve
Page 37 and 38: 2. Robbing EvacueesThe Jew ish cit
Page 39 and 40: (c) Stealing aid sent to de port ee
Page 41 and 42: IV. Expropriation ActsUn der provis
Page 43 and 44: -almost all the Jewish schools in t
Page 45 and 46: XII. Withdrawal of the Right to Wor
Page 47 and 48: (c) Crafts menThe cer tif i cates o
Page 49 and 50: also forced to bear fi nan cial sac
Page 51 and 52: Those Responsible for the Atrocitie
Page 53 and 54: 18. The ad min is tra tive apparatu
Page 55 and 56: sures in ar eas close to the front
Page 57 and 58: The Iron Guard GovernmentSeptember
Page 59 and 60: “I ensure Mr. Filderman that if h
Page 61: defends Jews—as their well-paid l
Page 65 and 66: The Cap tain of the Met ro pol i ta
Page 67 and 68: Naturally, the activities of the Ir
Page 69 and 70: the legal formalities of the exprop
Page 71 and 72: From among the huge mass of lunatic
Page 73 and 74: forged to assist the final aim: Iro
Page 75 and 76: Handels Gremium zu Kronstadt ” al
Page 77 and 78: complaints prove justified, it is t
Page 79 and 80: His de ci sion was to be come fi na
Page 81 and 82: All quarters and all targets were a
Page 83 and 84: Part 2. The Pogrom in IasiHistorica
Page 85 and 86: of post ers in cit ing peo ple to k
Page 87 and 88: On the same night, on the initiativ
Page 89 and 90: sued by Ion Antonescu on June 19 se
Page 91 and 92: While the archives of the SSI re ma
Page 93 and 94: ter. As a mat ter of fact, they wer
Page 95 and 96: to Targu Jiu, women, chil dren and
Page 97 and 98: immediately, the seriously in jured
Page 99 and 100: June 26) Gen eral Leoveanu , the ex
Page 101 and 102: The au thor i ties or der a Gendarm
Page 103 and 104: forced on them by the beasts. Most
Page 105 and 106: The ru mor that the Ger mans had oc
Page 107 and 108: Col o nel Captaru (county head) wit
Page 109 and 110: last chance. That night only 3 car
Page 111 and 112: iages, while oth ers held as many a
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sub urbs. The num ber of victims wa
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cha otic event had been noth ing ot
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Selected DocumentsPre sid ium of th
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An nounce mentRe cently there have
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5.The tes ti mony of Lieu ten ant-C
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Antonescu a few days be fore the po
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town. Grigore Petrovici had ev ery
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I have been Dep uty Pres i dent of
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As the lo cal Chief of Po lice at t
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The of fi cers of the 6th Ri fle Re
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15.From the tes ti mony of Lieu ten
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corpses. Most of the women had cov
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17.Iasi Central Po lice Sta tion Re
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The Ger mans be gan to search the d
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Lieu ten ant-Col o nel Al. Manoil m
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The mood and dis po si tion of the
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Vivoschi; Iosub Ghita ; Gheorghe Gr
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Ac cord ing to pro vi sions of the
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Part 3. TransnistriaHistorical Revi
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later (April 10, 1882) by the great
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The will of the Germans was the dir
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press of Bucharest, did not meet wi
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Ru ma nian pseudo-de moc racy, and
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oth ers from be ing enacted, and ev
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While Transnistria does not call to
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The Massacres in Bessarabia,Bucovin
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oaming the city center and the Jewi
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east of a major ordered the carcass
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ual and mass, are committed by Ro m
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July 5, 1941Following an order give
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night, the women were barbarically
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July 8, 1941Romanian troops oc cu p
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Moghilev . The consignment of 300 p
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We can conclude that two months aft
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suf fo ca tion—some times these w
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July 8, 1941Col o nel Meculescu , C
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August 2, 1941Bessarabian Jews, who
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Note: Al though the com mand was en
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October 31, 1941The de por ta tion
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Deportations from Bucovina, Dorohoi
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lived scattered in the town, are no
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eing beaten with clubs and rifle bu
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Murders in Odessa and in theCountie
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Jews are allowed to live only in ce
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January 17: 1,104January 18: 1,293J
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Deportations in the Spring andAutum
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June 28, 1942A new Black Sunday for
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cause not only pain, but also fear.
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The Minister of the Interior, Gener
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Life and Death in TransnistriaThe C
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onwards on foot towards Lucinet , C
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January 5, 1942In Obadovca the pete
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Both the number of patients and dea
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winter, most of them fell victim to
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March, 1943In Oc to ber 1943, Wilhe
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longer beaten by officers and soldi
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RepatriationThe Chronological Order
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The committee proposed allowing the
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The committee which had set off for
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Selected DocumentsCir cu lar No.206
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The lo cal au thor i ties may also
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9.July 5, 1942, No.192The Office of
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tions, I am sure that the most hor
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