Holocaust in Romania - Corvinus Library - Hungarian History

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In Iasi, the birthplace of the Cuza hooligans, and later that of theCodreanu Iron Guards, the barbaric terror started in the first days.Hundreds of Jews were dragged into police cellars or Iron Guard “nests”,where they were beaten, tortured and robbed. Later it turned out that thisact of terror had been organized to extort money from the Jews. After theyhad come to an agreement with the leaders of the Iron Guard organizationto pay them 6,000,000 lei, the violence against them ceased for a longtime.During the first days a few of the “guys,” who later became ministers, wereeven more diligent than the petty thieves.Radu Budisteanu , the Minister of Education, who felt how unstable thevelvet chair under him was, through the famous directives of September11, 1940, attempted to write himself into the annals of history byremoving the Jewish religion from among the list of acknowledgedreligions thus making its practice impossible.The same minister, who became the executioner of Jewish schools before 6September, with his directive on August 31, 1940, was anxious to chaseJewish actors out of all national and private theatres —before hisresignation—and to forbid the purchase of religious relics from Jewishdealers. He resigned from politics on September 14, 1940 after a long talkwith the Leader of the Union of Jewish Communities, Dr. W. Fildermanand the chief-rabbi, Dr. Al. Safran ; this time he invalidated his owndirectives, and suspended the measures he took against the Jewish religion.The following day he was no longer a minister.His successor as Minister of Education, Professor Traian Braileanusurpassed his predecessor. He created a type of Jewish ghetto of artists witha prescribed repertoire, and obliged them to call themselves “JewishTheater”. He organized the boycott of Jewish book-shops by prohibitingofficials, the staffs of schools and even school children from shoppingthere. He, however, also found it advisable to invalidate measures aimingthe annihilation of the Jewish religion.The Minister of Justice, I. V. Gruia , whose shirt was not as green as thoseof his colleagues, won gold stars for his preparation of the famous‘regulations for Jews’. But, he will be really successful only later, when he56
defends Jews—as their well-paid lawyer—in the course of legal actionstaken against them based on laws prepared by him. At present he is busychasing Jewish judges, bailiffs and public prosecutors from their posts, andforbidding Jewish lawyers—with the help of a special law—from holdingexecutive positions in the Law Society and from practicing their professionat military tribunals.During the first month of the existence of the National Iron Guard State,professional bodies, especially those of the intelligentsia, were veryhard-working. Their list of activities is long, shamefully so. However, it isour duty to mention it.Heading the list is the First Incorporated Law Society of the country. OnSeptember 6, 1940, simultaneously with the start of the new system, theIncorporated Law Society of the capital also secured its own day ofhistorical importance by removing the first group of Jewish lawyers, whohad identified themselves as Jews in compliance with the directives againstJews. Fifty-five lawyers were expelled on that day, only because thecounselors soon tired of the task.During the following days they compensated for the backlog caused by thetheir weariness on the first day; through rushed, superficial and dictatorialdecisions arrived at during six meetings (on September 6, 7, 10, 11, 12 and13) out of the 1,479 Jewish lawyers only 177 escaped with the right topractice their profession.One week later the In cor po rated Law So ci ety was fol lowed by the So ci etyof Ro ma nian Engineers, which expelled the first group of Jewish en gi neersfrom its mem ber ship on Sep tem ber 3, and went to great lengths to em pha -size: it had no intention of abid ing by any di rec tive which would have en -abled certain peo ple to maintain their rights, and saw to it that the secondand last group of Jew ish en gi neers were also ex pelled. Dur ing the nextmeeting (on Oc to ber 10), the Society’s “cleans ing of Jews” was completed.Then the flood gates opened. On Sep tem ber 20 the Sports As so ci a tion in -validated the iden tity cards of Jewish journalists; on Sep tem ber 21 the De -part ment of So cial Se cu rity dis missed Jewish de liv er ers, and on the sameday the Ro ma nian Opera dismissed its Jewish em ploy ees. On Sep tem ber25 the Trade Un ion of Jour nal ists ex cluded its Jew ish mem bers, on 25 the57
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Matatias Carp:Holocaust in RomaniaF
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ContentsPreface to the English Edit
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Preface to the EnglishEditionYou ha
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came here rather inclined to condon
Page 9: years and 7 months, plenty of time
Page 15 and 16: Foreword to the OriginalEditionMata
Page 17 and 18: li gious Com mu nities, and nei the
Page 19 and 20: Part 1. The Iron GuardThe History o
Page 21 and 22: summer of 1944. By September 1, 194
Page 23 and 24: to save their lives by es cap ing i
Page 25 and 26: An Outline of the Suffering ofRoman
Page 27 and 28: on the first day of the occupation
Page 29 and 30: From among the starving, exhausted
Page 31 and 32: Most of them, how ever, were killed
Page 33 and 34: On October 10, 1942, 80 children, 4
Page 35 and 36: wa ter brought in buck ets. How eve
Page 37 and 38: 2. Robbing EvacueesThe Jew ish cit
Page 39 and 40: (c) Stealing aid sent to de port ee
Page 41 and 42: IV. Expropriation ActsUn der provis
Page 43 and 44: -almost all the Jewish schools in t
Page 45 and 46: XII. Withdrawal of the Right to Wor
Page 47 and 48: (c) Crafts menThe cer tif i cates o
Page 49 and 50: also forced to bear fi nan cial sac
Page 51 and 52: Those Responsible for the Atrocitie
Page 53 and 54: 18. The ad min is tra tive apparatu
Page 55 and 56: sures in ar eas close to the front
Page 57 and 58: The Iron Guard GovernmentSeptember
Page 59: “I ensure Mr. Filderman that if h
Page 63 and 64: these aliens be cause the gov ern m
Page 65 and 66: The Cap tain of the Met ro pol i ta
Page 67 and 68: Naturally, the activities of the Ir
Page 69 and 70: the legal formalities of the exprop
Page 71 and 72: From among the huge mass of lunatic
Page 73 and 74: forged to assist the final aim: Iro
Page 75 and 76: Handels Gremium zu Kronstadt ” al
Page 77 and 78: complaints prove justified, it is t
Page 79 and 80: His de ci sion was to be come fi na
Page 81 and 82: All quarters and all targets were a
Page 83 and 84: Part 2. The Pogrom in IasiHistorica
Page 85 and 86: of post ers in cit ing peo ple to k
Page 87 and 88: On the same night, on the initiativ
Page 89 and 90: sued by Ion Antonescu on June 19 se
Page 91 and 92: While the archives of the SSI re ma
Page 93 and 94: ter. As a mat ter of fact, they wer
Page 95 and 96: to Targu Jiu, women, chil dren and
Page 97 and 98: immediately, the seriously in jured
Page 99 and 100: June 26) Gen eral Leoveanu , the ex
Page 101 and 102: The au thor i ties or der a Gendarm
Page 103 and 104: forced on them by the beasts. Most
Page 105 and 106: The ru mor that the Ger mans had oc
Page 107 and 108: Col o nel Captaru (county head) wit
Page 109 and 110: last chance. That night only 3 car
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iages, while oth ers held as many a
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sub urbs. The num ber of victims wa
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cha otic event had been noth ing ot
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Selected DocumentsPre sid ium of th
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An nounce mentRe cently there have
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5.The tes ti mony of Lieu ten ant-C
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Antonescu a few days be fore the po
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town. Grigore Petrovici had ev ery
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I have been Dep uty Pres i dent of
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As the lo cal Chief of Po lice at t
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The of fi cers of the 6th Ri fle Re
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15.From the tes ti mony of Lieu ten
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corpses. Most of the women had cov
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17.Iasi Central Po lice Sta tion Re
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The Ger mans be gan to search the d
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Lieu ten ant-Col o nel Al. Manoil m
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The mood and dis po si tion of the
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Vivoschi; Iosub Ghita ; Gheorghe Gr
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Ac cord ing to pro vi sions of the
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Part 3. TransnistriaHistorical Revi
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later (April 10, 1882) by the great
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The will of the Germans was the dir
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press of Bucharest, did not meet wi
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Ru ma nian pseudo-de moc racy, and
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oth ers from be ing enacted, and ev
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While Transnistria does not call to
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The Massacres in Bessarabia,Bucovin
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oaming the city center and the Jewi
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east of a major ordered the carcass
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ual and mass, are committed by Ro m
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July 5, 1941Following an order give
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night, the women were barbarically
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July 8, 1941Romanian troops oc cu p
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Moghilev . The consignment of 300 p
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We can conclude that two months aft
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suf fo ca tion—some times these w
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July 8, 1941Col o nel Meculescu , C
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August 2, 1941Bessarabian Jews, who
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Note: Al though the com mand was en
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October 31, 1941The de por ta tion
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Deportations from Bucovina, Dorohoi
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lived scattered in the town, are no
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eing beaten with clubs and rifle bu
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Murders in Odessa and in theCountie
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Jews are allowed to live only in ce
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January 17: 1,104January 18: 1,293J
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Deportations in the Spring andAutum
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June 28, 1942A new Black Sunday for
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cause not only pain, but also fear.
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The Minister of the Interior, Gener
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Life and Death in TransnistriaThe C
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onwards on foot towards Lucinet , C
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January 5, 1942In Obadovca the pete
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Both the number of patients and dea
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winter, most of them fell victim to
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March, 1943In Oc to ber 1943, Wilhe
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longer beaten by officers and soldi
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RepatriationThe Chronological Order
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The committee proposed allowing the
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The committee which had set off for
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Selected DocumentsCir cu lar No.206
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The lo cal au thor i ties may also
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9.July 5, 1942, No.192The Office of
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tions, I am sure that the most hor
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