Holocaust in Romania - Corvinus Library - Hungarian History

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Fol low ing the ex pul sion of Charles II, this weapon of ter ror, for merly theprop erty of the royal dic ta tor ship, was in her ited by the fas cist Iron Guarddic ta tor ship. The Pal ace Mar shal was watch ful enough to retain it for him -self. He gave the Iron Guard mem bers a free hand in wreak ing re venge,which cul mi nated in the bloodbath in Jilava on No vem ber 17, 1940, dur -ing which, among oth ers, the for mer heads of the SSI, Mihail Moruzovand Niky Stefanescu were as sas si nated. He even al lowed them to es tab lishtheir own po lice force, the horrifying Iron Guard Po lice, an in sti tu tion oftor ture, robbery and murder. He did not, how ever, allow his po lit i calfriends to lay their hands on the SSI. Shortly af ter his in au gu ra tion on No -vember 11, 1940, Antonescu at tached the entire SSI sys tem to his cab i net,and ap pointed one of his con fi dantes, Eugen Critescu , as its head, whoproved very com pe tent, and loyally served his master .The SSI net worksoon encompassed the capital and the prov inces, and set up its foreign in -formation ser vice. In Bucharest a few hun dred Jews were evicted from theirflats to provide the SSI with an entire street in ac ces si ble to strang ers. Alarge num ber of se nior of fi cers were re de ployed to the in nu mer a ble de part -ments of the Spe cial Ser vice. In the prov inces, agencies known as res i den -cies were or ga nized; their sphere of ac tiv i ties in cluded the ob ser va tion ofJews and com mu nists, and the fil ing of names for use at an ap pro pri atetime in the fu ture.The ac tiv i ties of the SSI were also as sisted by the Sec ond Head De part -ment of the Gen eral Command headed by Col o nel Radu Dinulescu , aswell as an enor mous number of for mer Iron Guard mem bers and in form -ers, whose anti- Sem i tism would pass any test.Ei ther with or with out the per mis sion of the SSI, the Gen eral Com mandand the Siguranta Cen ter, an other enormous es pi o nage net work, and se -cret po lice operated on Ro ma nian soil at the time: this be longed to theGer man Reich. The pro vi sion for im pu nity fol low ing acts of prov o ca tionand an ar chy, and the in tru sion of the so-called fifth column into every as -pect of the po lit i cal and eco nomic land scape were among the considerableachieve ments of Ger man Secret Service ac tiv i ties, and especially those ofthe Ge stapo.Si mul ta neously with the ar rival of German troops in the country, therewas a pro lif er a tion of se cret Nazi es pi o nage or ga ni za tions and military orpo lit i cal ser vices in the au tumn of 1940.86
While the archives of the SSI re mained un touched, files re fer ring to thebloodbath in Iasi were im me di ately after Au gust 23, or per haps a littlelater, ei ther hid den or de stroyed. Only the files be long ing to the Min is tryof the In te rior and the Gendarmerie Gen eral In spec tor ate are at the dis -posal of history and jus tice. These files, how ever, con tain only a few de tailsabout the course of events dur ing the po grom.There fore, the prep a ra tions for the po grom in Iasi can be re con structedonly on the basis of evidence and individual testimonies col lected by ju di -cial bod ies. How ever, these are also incomplete, since the tes ti mo nies ofGermans and de ceased Romanians are miss ing. Also miss ing is the tes ti -mony of Gen eral von Schobert - who died in an avi a tion accident nearKiev; and the tes ti mo nies of Generals von Hauffe and Gerstenberg , whoheaded the German mil i tary mis sion in Ro ma nia; no evidence was givenby Gen eral von Salmuth , Commander of the XXX German Mil i taryCorps; nor by Gen eral von Roetig , Commander of the 198th Army Di vi -sion; nor by Col o nel Rodler , the Ro ma nian head of the Abwehr ; nor by hisright-hand man, Al ex an der von Stransky ; nor from Captain Hoffman,com mander of the Ger man garrison in Iasi ; and ab sent above all oth ers isthe tes ti mony of Baron Manfred von Killinger , Ger man Am bas sa dor toBucharest. Similarly miss ing are the tes ti mo nies of certain Ru ma nian per -son al i ties, the most important of whom are: Becescu-Georgescu , the Di -rector of the SSI—who died a few years ago; Ma jor Emil Tulbure ,rep re sen ta tive of the SSI in Iasi, who died of a heart at tack a few days af terthe po grom; his as sis tant, Ma jor Gheorghe Balotescu , who disappeared inGer many af ter Au gust 23, 1944. From the tes ti mo nies and doc u ments atour disposal we can, nev er the less, pick out certain elements which enableus to re con struct the pro logue to the po grom.From these it turns out that before the start of military op er a tions, uponthe or ders of Ion Antonescu and Gen eral Head quar ters, the so-called SSIMo bile De tach ment No.1 was formed with the ac knowl edged aim ofcombatting es pi o nage, sab o tage and terrorist actions, and with the secretaim of or ga niz ing anti-es pi o nage, anti-sab o tage and anti-terrorist ac tions.The de tach ment consisted of about 160 per sons se lected from among themost able, cou ra geous and re li able peo ple in the SSI. Among the mem bersof the de tach ment were: Eugen Cristescu , the all-pow er ful di rec tor; hisright hand man, Colonel Ion Lisievici , Head of the Information De part -87
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Matatias Carp:Holocaust in RomaniaF
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ContentsPreface to the English Edit
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Preface to the EnglishEditionYou ha
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came here rather inclined to condon
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years and 7 months, plenty of time
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Foreword to the OriginalEditionMata
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li gious Com mu nities, and nei the
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Part 1. The Iron GuardThe History o
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summer of 1944. By September 1, 194
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to save their lives by es cap ing i
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An Outline of the Suffering ofRoman
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on the first day of the occupation
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From among the starving, exhausted
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Most of them, how ever, were killed
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On October 10, 1942, 80 children, 4
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wa ter brought in buck ets. How eve
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2. Robbing EvacueesThe Jew ish cit
Page 39 and 40: (c) Stealing aid sent to de port ee
Page 41 and 42: IV. Expropriation ActsUn der provis
Page 43 and 44: -almost all the Jewish schools in t
Page 45 and 46: XII. Withdrawal of the Right to Wor
Page 47 and 48: (c) Crafts menThe cer tif i cates o
Page 49 and 50: also forced to bear fi nan cial sac
Page 51 and 52: Those Responsible for the Atrocitie
Page 53 and 54: 18. The ad min is tra tive apparatu
Page 55 and 56: sures in ar eas close to the front
Page 57 and 58: The Iron Guard GovernmentSeptember
Page 59 and 60: “I ensure Mr. Filderman that if h
Page 61 and 62: defends Jews—as their well-paid l
Page 63 and 64: these aliens be cause the gov ern m
Page 65 and 66: The Cap tain of the Met ro pol i ta
Page 67 and 68: Naturally, the activities of the Ir
Page 69 and 70: the legal formalities of the exprop
Page 71 and 72: From among the huge mass of lunatic
Page 73 and 74: forged to assist the final aim: Iro
Page 75 and 76: Handels Gremium zu Kronstadt ” al
Page 77 and 78: complaints prove justified, it is t
Page 79 and 80: His de ci sion was to be come fi na
Page 81 and 82: All quarters and all targets were a
Page 83 and 84: Part 2. The Pogrom in IasiHistorica
Page 85 and 86: of post ers in cit ing peo ple to k
Page 87 and 88: On the same night, on the initiativ
Page 89: sued by Ion Antonescu on June 19 se
Page 93 and 94: ter. As a mat ter of fact, they wer
Page 95 and 96: to Targu Jiu, women, chil dren and
Page 97 and 98: immediately, the seriously in jured
Page 99 and 100: June 26) Gen eral Leoveanu , the ex
Page 101 and 102: The au thor i ties or der a Gendarm
Page 103 and 104: forced on them by the beasts. Most
Page 105 and 106: The ru mor that the Ger mans had oc
Page 107 and 108: Col o nel Captaru (county head) wit
Page 109 and 110: last chance. That night only 3 car
Page 111 and 112: iages, while oth ers held as many a
Page 113 and 114: sub urbs. The num ber of victims wa
Page 115 and 116: cha otic event had been noth ing ot
Page 117 and 118: Selected DocumentsPre sid ium of th
Page 119 and 120: An nounce mentRe cently there have
Page 121 and 122: 5.The tes ti mony of Lieu ten ant-C
Page 123 and 124: Antonescu a few days be fore the po
Page 125 and 126: town. Grigore Petrovici had ev ery
Page 127 and 128: I have been Dep uty Pres i dent of
Page 129 and 130: As the lo cal Chief of Po lice at t
Page 131 and 132: The of fi cers of the 6th Ri fle Re
Page 133 and 134: 15.From the tes ti mony of Lieu ten
Page 135 and 136: corpses. Most of the women had cov
Page 137 and 138: 17.Iasi Central Po lice Sta tion Re
Page 139 and 140: The Ger mans be gan to search the d
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Lieu ten ant-Col o nel Al. Manoil m
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The mood and dis po si tion of the
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Vivoschi; Iosub Ghita ; Gheorghe Gr
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Ac cord ing to pro vi sions of the
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Part 3. TransnistriaHistorical Revi
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later (April 10, 1882) by the great
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The will of the Germans was the dir
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press of Bucharest, did not meet wi
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Ru ma nian pseudo-de moc racy, and
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oth ers from be ing enacted, and ev
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While Transnistria does not call to
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The Massacres in Bessarabia,Bucovin
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oaming the city center and the Jewi
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east of a major ordered the carcass
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ual and mass, are committed by Ro m
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July 5, 1941Following an order give
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night, the women were barbarically
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July 8, 1941Romanian troops oc cu p
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Moghilev . The consignment of 300 p
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We can conclude that two months aft
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suf fo ca tion—some times these w
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July 8, 1941Col o nel Meculescu , C
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August 2, 1941Bessarabian Jews, who
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Note: Al though the com mand was en
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October 31, 1941The de por ta tion
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Deportations from Bucovina, Dorohoi
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lived scattered in the town, are no
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eing beaten with clubs and rifle bu
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Murders in Odessa and in theCountie
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Jews are allowed to live only in ce
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January 17: 1,104January 18: 1,293J
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Deportations in the Spring andAutum
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June 28, 1942A new Black Sunday for
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cause not only pain, but also fear.
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The Minister of the Interior, Gener
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Life and Death in TransnistriaThe C
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onwards on foot towards Lucinet , C
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January 5, 1942In Obadovca the pete
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Both the number of patients and dea
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winter, most of them fell victim to
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March, 1943In Oc to ber 1943, Wilhe
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longer beaten by officers and soldi
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RepatriationThe Chronological Order
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The committee proposed allowing the
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The committee which had set off for
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Selected DocumentsCir cu lar No.206
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The lo cal au thor i ties may also
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9.July 5, 1942, No.192The Office of
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tions, I am sure that the most hor
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