Holocaust in Romania - Corvinus Library - Hungarian History

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he was both hurt and enraged by these assassinations. However, thedocument also contained the following extract:“On my part, General, I would like to ask you to reinforce the authority ofthe state without further delay; to entrust certain officials with ensuringorder; to strive—through all means at your disposal—for a return toexistential and financial security for all categories of citizens, since thisalone can guarantee the continuity of productive work, which is sonecessary for social and economic life. 2Iron Guard terror manifested itself in the most atrocious forms everwitnessed in the history of mankind. It began with arbitrary searches ofhouses, arrests, evictions, beatings, rape, torture; tying to shame-posts;individual and collective robberies, and culminated in the plundering andsetting ablaze of churches, factories, shops and flats, and in the horrifyingbloodbaths of the Iron Guard revolt.This terror was organized by “the Iron Guard Movement” and by certainministers led by the deputy prime minister, Horia Sima . However, theother members of the government encouraged them by tolerating theiractions and providing them with immunity. The Leader of the Statepersonally aided them through mindless legislation and administration.The aims of Iron Guard terror varied according to the person or institutiontargeted. The country’s Christian community was intimidated in order toparalyze the awakening of remorse in the few people whose united actioncould have led to the formation of a certain type of public opinion. Jewswere to be eliminated from economic life; their property was to be robbedso that—irrespective of whether it was to become the possession of“members of the Iron Guard Movement”—an enormous weapon could be2 In men tion ing this state ment made by the Pres i dent of the Na -tional Party of Peas ants, we must note the am bi gu ity and un clearfor mu la tion, which in ev i ta bly forces us to ask whether Mr IliuManiu in cluded Jews in “all types of cit i zens”?68
forged to assist the final aim: Iron Guard control of state administrationand regulatory forces.Naturally, power seized by Iron Guard members was at the expense of theJews. The fight was very easy, and the rewards for both the Iron Guard andindividuals were well worth the trouble. It seems that the signal for theoutbreak of terror was given on November 1. Firstly, all kinds of thugswere allowed to operate freely, at most, they had to take into account localinitiatives and instructions. This was how Iron Guard leaders tested theresistance of Jews and the possible reactions of the Leader of the State. Theevents of the first eight days, though characterized by violence, at timesfatal, were nonetheless incoherent. In Turda a few Jews were tortured inorder to acquire a long-envied distillery; in Caracal and Corabia a fewshops were looted and the victims evicted; in Gaesti an attempt was madeto violently acquire a few businesses; in Bucharest arrests became more andmore widespread, beatings grew increasingly savage, etc. The first case ofmartyrdom occurred during these days: a child in Bucharest was torturedto death at the central police station.The lead er ship of the Iron Guard saw that the vic tims were not showingsigns of re sis tance, and the Leader of the State merely de liv ered a paternalslap on the wrist during a cabinet meet ing; it was at this point that it wasde cided to commence with or ga nized ter ror. An historical date was chosenfor this purpose, one which held a long tra di tion for the Ro ma nian po lice.The an ni ver sary of the Rus sian Rev o lu tion had al ways provided an oc ca -sion for Jew-bait ing. Around November 7 po lice and Iron Guard unitswent on patrol ran domly arresting Jews that crossed their path. In Bu cha -rest hun dreds of Jews were dragged off to po lice cells or Iron Guard cen -ters. The most horrifying tor ture centers were at the Bu cha rest PoliceHead quar ters and the Iron Guard cen ters in Traian Street, Cercului Streetand Roma Street. With nei ther pretext nor reason they tor tured, tor -mented and mugged the in car cer ated Jews, later re leas ing them to makeroom for new ones.The catastrophic earthquake that struck the country the following nightwas not in the least perceived as a sign from heaven by those who haddecorated their barbarity with mysticism and sanctimoniousness; on thecontrary, it offered a fresh opportunity for persecution and terrorization.In Panciu , close to the epicenter of the quake, Jews were evicted from the69
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Matatias Carp:Holocaust in RomaniaF
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ContentsPreface to the English Edit
Page 5 and 6:
Preface to the EnglishEditionYou ha
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came here rather inclined to condon
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years and 7 months, plenty of time
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Foreword to the OriginalEditionMata
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li gious Com mu nities, and nei the
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Part 1. The Iron GuardThe History o
Page 21 and 22: summer of 1944. By September 1, 194
Page 23 and 24: to save their lives by es cap ing i
Page 25 and 26: An Outline of the Suffering ofRoman
Page 27 and 28: on the first day of the occupation
Page 29 and 30: From among the starving, exhausted
Page 31 and 32: Most of them, how ever, were killed
Page 33 and 34: On October 10, 1942, 80 children, 4
Page 35 and 36: wa ter brought in buck ets. How eve
Page 37 and 38: 2. Robbing EvacueesThe Jew ish cit
Page 39 and 40: (c) Stealing aid sent to de port ee
Page 41 and 42: IV. Expropriation ActsUn der provis
Page 43 and 44: -almost all the Jewish schools in t
Page 45 and 46: XII. Withdrawal of the Right to Wor
Page 47 and 48: (c) Crafts menThe cer tif i cates o
Page 49 and 50: also forced to bear fi nan cial sac
Page 51 and 52: Those Responsible for the Atrocitie
Page 53 and 54: 18. The ad min is tra tive apparatu
Page 55 and 56: sures in ar eas close to the front
Page 57 and 58: The Iron Guard GovernmentSeptember
Page 59 and 60: “I ensure Mr. Filderman that if h
Page 61 and 62: defends Jews—as their well-paid l
Page 63 and 64: these aliens be cause the gov ern m
Page 65 and 66: The Cap tain of the Met ro pol i ta
Page 67 and 68: Naturally, the activities of the Ir
Page 69 and 70: the legal formalities of the exprop
Page 71: From among the huge mass of lunatic
Page 75 and 76: Handels Gremium zu Kronstadt ” al
Page 77 and 78: complaints prove justified, it is t
Page 79 and 80: His de ci sion was to be come fi na
Page 81 and 82: All quarters and all targets were a
Page 83 and 84: Part 2. The Pogrom in IasiHistorica
Page 85 and 86: of post ers in cit ing peo ple to k
Page 87 and 88: On the same night, on the initiativ
Page 89 and 90: sued by Ion Antonescu on June 19 se
Page 91 and 92: While the archives of the SSI re ma
Page 93 and 94: ter. As a mat ter of fact, they wer
Page 95 and 96: to Targu Jiu, women, chil dren and
Page 97 and 98: immediately, the seriously in jured
Page 99 and 100: June 26) Gen eral Leoveanu , the ex
Page 101 and 102: The au thor i ties or der a Gendarm
Page 103 and 104: forced on them by the beasts. Most
Page 105 and 106: The ru mor that the Ger mans had oc
Page 107 and 108: Col o nel Captaru (county head) wit
Page 109 and 110: last chance. That night only 3 car
Page 111 and 112: iages, while oth ers held as many a
Page 113 and 114: sub urbs. The num ber of victims wa
Page 115 and 116: cha otic event had been noth ing ot
Page 117 and 118: Selected DocumentsPre sid ium of th
Page 119 and 120: An nounce mentRe cently there have
Page 121 and 122: 5.The tes ti mony of Lieu ten ant-C
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Antonescu a few days be fore the po
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town. Grigore Petrovici had ev ery
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I have been Dep uty Pres i dent of
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As the lo cal Chief of Po lice at t
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The of fi cers of the 6th Ri fle Re
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15.From the tes ti mony of Lieu ten
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corpses. Most of the women had cov
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17.Iasi Central Po lice Sta tion Re
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The Ger mans be gan to search the d
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Lieu ten ant-Col o nel Al. Manoil m
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The mood and dis po si tion of the
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Vivoschi; Iosub Ghita ; Gheorghe Gr
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Ac cord ing to pro vi sions of the
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Part 3. TransnistriaHistorical Revi
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later (April 10, 1882) by the great
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The will of the Germans was the dir
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press of Bucharest, did not meet wi
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Ru ma nian pseudo-de moc racy, and
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oth ers from be ing enacted, and ev
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While Transnistria does not call to
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The Massacres in Bessarabia,Bucovin
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oaming the city center and the Jewi
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east of a major ordered the carcass
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ual and mass, are committed by Ro m
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July 5, 1941Following an order give
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night, the women were barbarically
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July 8, 1941Romanian troops oc cu p
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Moghilev . The consignment of 300 p
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We can conclude that two months aft
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suf fo ca tion—some times these w
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July 8, 1941Col o nel Meculescu , C
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August 2, 1941Bessarabian Jews, who
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Note: Al though the com mand was en
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October 31, 1941The de por ta tion
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Deportations from Bucovina, Dorohoi
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lived scattered in the town, are no
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eing beaten with clubs and rifle bu
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Murders in Odessa and in theCountie
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Jews are allowed to live only in ce
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January 17: 1,104January 18: 1,293J
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Deportations in the Spring andAutum
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June 28, 1942A new Black Sunday for
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cause not only pain, but also fear.
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The Minister of the Interior, Gener
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Life and Death in TransnistriaThe C
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onwards on foot towards Lucinet , C
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January 5, 1942In Obadovca the pete
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Both the number of patients and dea
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winter, most of them fell victim to
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March, 1943In Oc to ber 1943, Wilhe
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longer beaten by officers and soldi
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RepatriationThe Chronological Order
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The committee proposed allowing the
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The committee which had set off for
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Selected DocumentsCir cu lar No.206
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The lo cal au thor i ties may also
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9.July 5, 1942, No.192The Office of
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tions, I am sure that the most hor
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