Holocaust in Romania - Corvinus Library - Hungarian History

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Hundreds and thousands of Jews were tortured in the most horrible waysin the cellars of police stations and city halls, in the headquarters and nestsof the Iron Guard, in their own flats or on the streets, on roads, meadowsor in the depths of forests. Every murder and act of looting was committedwith the support, initiation or direct supervision of organizations andpersons whose duty in any normal, civilized state would be to protect thelives and property of its citizens.Starting with the Min is ter of the In te rior, Gen eral ConstantinPetrovicescu , as sisted by his Chef de Cab i net, Ma jor Stelian Marinescu ,but work ing independently of Lieu ten ant-Col o nel Alexandru Riosianu ;Alexandru Ghica , the Se nior Director of the State Security Or ga ni za tion,aided by Di rec tor Maimuca and Po lice In spec tor Baciu ; three suc ces siveChief Com mis sioners of the Met ro pol i tan Po lice Force, Gen eral Dona,Colonel Stefan Zavoianu and Radu Mironovicic ; ev ery county head in Ro -ma nia (all ap pointed un der the di rec tive of Sep tem ber 17, 1940)—a listmod i fied only by one suicide and one dis missal for dis hon esty, and finallyalmost every po lice su per in ten dent in the coun try with out stand ing con tri -bu tions from the likes of Ilie Stanga (Bu cha rest), Paul Cojocaru ( Ploiesti ),Mazilu ( Ploiesti ), Hanu (Alba Julia), Ion Crisovan and Dr. Preda (Arad),Jura ( Lugoj), Vespasian Lene ( Sighisoara ), Bucur Stavrescu ( TarguMagurele ), Vatasescu ( Targoviste ), Petre Zegheanu (Caracal), V. Stefanescu( Brasov ), Radu Popian ( Ramnicul Valcea ), etc., all at tempted to sur -pass one an other in cruel beat ings and uninhibited rob ber ies.Naturally, these people could not have committed so many acts of terrorwithout a whole army of gangsters, and professional and amateurchampions of the club, pistol and other means of torture. They wererecruited from every class and section of the population; there were publicofficials among them (especially from ministries and county and townoffices), private clerks, merchants, factory workers, lawyers, hooligans,engineers, robbers, doctors and tramps. All of them, irrespective ofwhether or not they were green-shirts, grandiloquently called themselvesIron Guards and committed their barbarically heroic deeds in the name ofthe “Iron Guard Movement”. This was the only political representation ofthe country, and sanctioned as such by royal decree No.3151 onSeptember 14, 1940 .66
From among the huge mass of lunatics, let us always remember the namesof the following beasts: Mircea Petrovicescu , master of the torture center inthe cellars of the Town Hall in the third “ Albastru ” district of Bucharest;Iron Guard Commander Stoia ( Constanta ); Ilie Colhon (Alba Julia);Grigoras Constantin, (Mayor of Targu Neamt ), Dr. Silviu Craciunas(Piatra Neamt ); Stefan Georgescu-Gorjan ( Petrosani), engineer; DeputyMayor Olteanu ( Aiud ); Dr. Stefan Milcoveanu , Dr. Popovici Lupa andDr. Ruptureanu (Bucharest); Zozo Grigorescu ( Ploiesti ), lawyer; MiticaDancila , Ion Dancila ( Turda ); Willy Janischewschi (Chairman of theChamber of Commerce in Craiova ); C. Pivniceru ( Vaslui); Ion Bolfan(Mayor of Harlau village); Nicodem Borca (Deputy Mayor of the town ofDeva ); N. Craioveanu (Mayor of Lupeni ); D. Ifrim (Chairman of theChamber of Commerce in Bucharest); Professor Wertz (Arad), etc.In this wilderness of hatred and brutality, not even one voice was raised inobjection, not one whisper of hope could be heard. Naturally, I do notmean to suggest public statements or comments to the press. But, even atprivate gatherings, not one word of comfort was uttered for the sake ofthose had once been colleagues or friends.It is also true that objections found their way onto the Gen eral’s desk. Inspite of be ing Ro ma nian, there were those who claimed to have wronglysuf fered in some way, and who, in spite of the wrongdoings they suffered,did not fail to lend their support to mea sures in tro duced against Jews.Voicu Nitescu , a minister during the era of pseudo- democracy, whilecom plain ing that his six-year-old son had been threatened with a re volverby mem bers of the Iron Guard, took care to con grat u late the Gen eral onthe oc ca sion of his birthday at the be gin ning of his com plaint, and did notfor get to emphasize that dur ing his time at the Min is try of la bor he went togreat lengths to give la bor an ex clu sively na tional char ac ter and to “removefrom the field of la bor those elements which constituted an obstacle to thecom plete na tion al iza tion of la bor”. In the fol low ing he de nies his Jew ishcon nec tions and points out, “I do not participate in any en ter prise whichfunc tions with Sem ite capital, or which is run by Semites”......One protest, however, should not be forgotten: it was delivered to GeneralAntonescu by Mr. Iuliu Maniu , the former prime minister, on December3, 1940, five days after the assassination of a number of politicians,including one of Mr. Maniu’s close associates, Virgil Madgearu . Naturally,67
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Matatias Carp:Holocaust in RomaniaF
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ContentsPreface to the English Edit
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Preface to the EnglishEditionYou ha
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came here rather inclined to condon
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years and 7 months, plenty of time
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Foreword to the OriginalEditionMata
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li gious Com mu nities, and nei the
Page 19 and 20: Part 1. The Iron GuardThe History o
Page 21 and 22: summer of 1944. By September 1, 194
Page 23 and 24: to save their lives by es cap ing i
Page 25 and 26: An Outline of the Suffering ofRoman
Page 27 and 28: on the first day of the occupation
Page 29 and 30: From among the starving, exhausted
Page 31 and 32: Most of them, how ever, were killed
Page 33 and 34: On October 10, 1942, 80 children, 4
Page 35 and 36: wa ter brought in buck ets. How eve
Page 37 and 38: 2. Robbing EvacueesThe Jew ish cit
Page 39 and 40: (c) Stealing aid sent to de port ee
Page 41 and 42: IV. Expropriation ActsUn der provis
Page 43 and 44: -almost all the Jewish schools in t
Page 45 and 46: XII. Withdrawal of the Right to Wor
Page 47 and 48: (c) Crafts menThe cer tif i cates o
Page 49 and 50: also forced to bear fi nan cial sac
Page 51 and 52: Those Responsible for the Atrocitie
Page 53 and 54: 18. The ad min is tra tive apparatu
Page 55 and 56: sures in ar eas close to the front
Page 57 and 58: The Iron Guard GovernmentSeptember
Page 59 and 60: “I ensure Mr. Filderman that if h
Page 61 and 62: defends Jews—as their well-paid l
Page 63 and 64: these aliens be cause the gov ern m
Page 65 and 66: The Cap tain of the Met ro pol i ta
Page 67 and 68: Naturally, the activities of the Ir
Page 69: the legal formalities of the exprop
Page 73 and 74: forged to assist the final aim: Iro
Page 75 and 76: Handels Gremium zu Kronstadt ” al
Page 77 and 78: complaints prove justified, it is t
Page 79 and 80: His de ci sion was to be come fi na
Page 81 and 82: All quarters and all targets were a
Page 83 and 84: Part 2. The Pogrom in IasiHistorica
Page 85 and 86: of post ers in cit ing peo ple to k
Page 87 and 88: On the same night, on the initiativ
Page 89 and 90: sued by Ion Antonescu on June 19 se
Page 91 and 92: While the archives of the SSI re ma
Page 93 and 94: ter. As a mat ter of fact, they wer
Page 95 and 96: to Targu Jiu, women, chil dren and
Page 97 and 98: immediately, the seriously in jured
Page 99 and 100: June 26) Gen eral Leoveanu , the ex
Page 101 and 102: The au thor i ties or der a Gendarm
Page 103 and 104: forced on them by the beasts. Most
Page 105 and 106: The ru mor that the Ger mans had oc
Page 107 and 108: Col o nel Captaru (county head) wit
Page 109 and 110: last chance. That night only 3 car
Page 111 and 112: iages, while oth ers held as many a
Page 113 and 114: sub urbs. The num ber of victims wa
Page 115 and 116: cha otic event had been noth ing ot
Page 117 and 118: Selected DocumentsPre sid ium of th
Page 119 and 120: An nounce mentRe cently there have
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5.The tes ti mony of Lieu ten ant-C
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Antonescu a few days be fore the po
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town. Grigore Petrovici had ev ery
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I have been Dep uty Pres i dent of
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As the lo cal Chief of Po lice at t
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The of fi cers of the 6th Ri fle Re
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15.From the tes ti mony of Lieu ten
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corpses. Most of the women had cov
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17.Iasi Central Po lice Sta tion Re
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The Ger mans be gan to search the d
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Lieu ten ant-Col o nel Al. Manoil m
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The mood and dis po si tion of the
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Vivoschi; Iosub Ghita ; Gheorghe Gr
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Ac cord ing to pro vi sions of the
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Part 3. TransnistriaHistorical Revi
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later (April 10, 1882) by the great
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The will of the Germans was the dir
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press of Bucharest, did not meet wi
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Ru ma nian pseudo-de moc racy, and
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oth ers from be ing enacted, and ev
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While Transnistria does not call to
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The Massacres in Bessarabia,Bucovin
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oaming the city center and the Jewi
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east of a major ordered the carcass
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ual and mass, are committed by Ro m
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July 5, 1941Following an order give
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night, the women were barbarically
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July 8, 1941Romanian troops oc cu p
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Moghilev . The consignment of 300 p
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We can conclude that two months aft
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suf fo ca tion—some times these w
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July 8, 1941Col o nel Meculescu , C
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August 2, 1941Bessarabian Jews, who
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Note: Al though the com mand was en
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October 31, 1941The de por ta tion
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Deportations from Bucovina, Dorohoi
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lived scattered in the town, are no
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eing beaten with clubs and rifle bu
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Murders in Odessa and in theCountie
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Jews are allowed to live only in ce
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January 17: 1,104January 18: 1,293J
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Deportations in the Spring andAutum
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June 28, 1942A new Black Sunday for
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cause not only pain, but also fear.
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The Minister of the Interior, Gener
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Life and Death in TransnistriaThe C
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onwards on foot towards Lucinet , C
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January 5, 1942In Obadovca the pete
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Both the number of patients and dea
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winter, most of them fell victim to
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March, 1943In Oc to ber 1943, Wilhe
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longer beaten by officers and soldi
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RepatriationThe Chronological Order
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The committee proposed allowing the
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The committee which had set off for
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Selected DocumentsCir cu lar No.206
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The lo cal au thor i ties may also
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9.July 5, 1942, No.192The Office of
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tions, I am sure that the most hor
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