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31. Whiteside LA, Kasselt MR, Haynes DW. Varus-valgus and rotational stability inrotationally unconstrained total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(219):147-57.32. Windsor RE, Scuderi GR, Moran MC, Insall JN. Mechanisms of failure of the femoraland tibial components in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989; 248:15-9;discussion 19-20.33. Fehring TK. Rotational malalignment of the femoral component in total kneearthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000; 380:72-9.34. Freeman MA, Todd RC, Bamert P, Day WH. ICLH arthroplasty of the knee: 1968--1977.J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978; 60-B(3):339-44.35. Hanada H, Whiteside LA, Steiger J, Dyer P, Naito M. Bone landmarks are more reliablethan tensioned gaps in TKA component alignment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;462:137-42.36. Dennis DA. Measured resection: an outdated technique in total kneearthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2008;31(9):940, 943-4.37. Tanaka K, Murastu H, Mizuno K, Kuroda R, Yoshiya S, Kurosaka M. Soft tissue balancemeasurement in anterior cruciate ligament-resected knee joint: cadaveric study as a modelfor cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci. 2007;12(2):149-53.Figure LegendsFig. 1: New TKA tensorThe new tensor consists of three parts: upper seesaw plate, lower platform plate and extraarticularmain body (A). Two plates are connected to the extra-articular main body by the offsetconnection arm through a medial parapatellar arthrotomy, which permits reduction of the PFjoint while performing measurements (B).Fig. 2: Kinematics of joint component gap in different varus alignment groupsKnees increased in the joint component gap until 90º of knee flexion, and then decreasedtoward deep knee flexion in all three groups, with no significant difference among three groups.Fig. 3: Kinematics of varus imbalance in different varus alignment groupsKinematics of the varus imbalance showed slow increases in the varus angle from extension to90º of knee flexion. During flexion beyond 90º, the size of the varus angle kept constant values.The varus angle in the varus alignment > 20º group showed significantly larger values comparedto that of the other two groups in each angle. (#: P 20º group at 45 and 90 degree of flexion. (#: P