Notes to the financial statements(Expressed in millions of RMB, unless otherwise stated)63 Risk Management (continued)(1) Credit risk (continued)(c) Loans and advances to customers analysed by economic sector concentrations (continued)Bank<strong>2012</strong> 2011GrossloanbalancePercentageBalancesecured bycollateralGrossloanbalancePercentageBalancesecured bycollateralCorporate loans and advances– Manufacturing 1,294,609 17.62% 491,184 1,121,439 17.61% 391,393– Transportation, storage andpostal services 866,624 11.80% 354,018 752,130 11.83% 298,202– Production and supply ofelectric power, gas and water 603,524 8.22% 156,032 581,301 9.14% 144,399– Real estate 467,421 6.37% 398,967 439,905 6.92% 365,509– Leasing and commercial services 392,546 5.35% 177,949 385,789 6.07% 168,317– Wholesale and retail trade 384,555 5.24% 162,120 306,287 4.82% 110,193– Water, environment and publicutility management 235,694 3.21% 116,269 226,560 3.56% 100,202– Construction 220,490 3.00% 82,511 188,765 2.97% 66,764– Mining 206,651 2.81% 26,715 169,852 2.67% 26,793– Education 66,183 0.90% 25,152 84,983 1.34% 35,161–Telecommunications,computer services and software 33,418 0.46% 9,075 23,510 0.37% 7,146– Others 362,323 4.93% 132,211 283,334 4.46% 109,506Total corporate loans and advances 5,134,038 69.91% 2,132,203 4,563,855 71.76% 1,823,585Personal loans and advances 2,017,826 27.48% 1,789,309 1,677,910 26.38% 1,538,107Discounted bills 191,540 2.61% – 117,781 1.86% –Total loans and advances to customers 7,343,404 100.00% 3,921,512 6,359,546 100.00% 3,361,692Details of impaired loans, impairment allowances, charges, and amounts written off in respect of economic sectors whichconstitute 10% or more of total gross loans and advances to customers are as follows:<strong>2012</strong>GrossimpairedloansIndividuallyassessedimpairmentallowancesCollectivelyassessedimpairmentallowancesCharged toprofit or lossduring the yearWritten offduring the yearManufacturing 30,870 (19,642) (31,170) 12,926 2,724Transportation, storage and postal services 3,208 (2,303) (21,822) 2,666 772011GrossimpairedloansIndividuallyassessedimpairmentallowancesCollectivelyassessedimpairmentallowancesCharged toprofit or lossduring the yearWritten offduring the yearManufacturing 25,815 (15,099) (25,071) 5,680 1,748Transportation, storage and postal services 7,073 (3,616) (17,987) 6,294 28China Construction Bank Corporation annual report <strong>2012</strong>175
Notes to the financial statements(Expressed in millions of RMB, unless otherwise stated)63 Risk Management (continued)(1) Credit risk (continued)(d) Loans and advances to customers analysed by geographical sector concentrationsGroup<strong>2012</strong> 2011GrossloanbalancePercentageBalancesecured bycollateralGrossloanbalancePercentageBalancesecured bycollateralYangtze River Delta 1,670,643 22.24% 1,041,606 1,476,118 22.72% 882,276Bohai Rim 1,301,564 17.33% 554,538 1,137,623 17.51% 497,565Western 1,270,163 16.91% 725,755 1,108,112 17.06% 622,268Central 1,195,748 15.92% 660,624 1,051,837 16.19% 567,187Pearl River Delta 1,091,848 14.53% 707,773 955,937 14.71% 597,404Northeastern 461,574 6.14% 238,941 406,035 6.25% 197,775Head office 188,074 2.50% 410 105,632 1.63% 486Overseas 332,698 4.43% 55,851 255,117 3.93% 53,564Gross loans and advances to customers 7,512,312 100.00% 3,985,498 6,496,411 100.00% 3,418,525Details of impaired loans and impairment allowances in respect of geographical sectors are as follows:<strong>2012</strong>GrossimpairedloansIndividuallyassessedimpairmentallowancesCollectivelyassessedimpairmentallowancesYangtze River Delta 32,941 (19,634) (35,725)Central 9,635 (6,207) (25,121)Pearl River Delta 9,096 (5,514) (25,073)Western 8,187 (5,330) (27,473)Bohai Rim 6,848 (4,982) (27,061)Northeastern 4,920 (2,844) (9,951)Head Office 1,966 (802) (4,040)Overseas 1,025 (501) (2,175)Total 74,618 (45,814) (156,619)2011GrossimpairedloansIndividuallyassessedimpairmentallowancesCollectivelyassessedimpairmentallowancesYangtze River Delta 19,264 (9,721) (29,988)Central 11,885 (6,296) (21,313)Pearl River Delta 9,699 (5,458) (21,106)Western 10,653 (5,878) (23,568)Bohai Rim 9,428 (5,850) (23,412)Northeastern 6,264 (3,379) (8,733)Head Office 1,744 (864) (2,978)Overseas 1,978 (663) (2,010)Total 70,915 (38,109) (133,108)The definitions of geographical segments are set out in Note 58(1).176 China Construction Bank Corporation annual report <strong>2012</strong>