Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

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Cambridge International AS Level Biology 10 Mammals have a closed, double circulation. a State what is meant by the term double circulation. [1] The figure below shows part of the circulation in a mammalian tissue. The central part is enlarged to show a capillary, a cell supplied by the capillary, and vessel Z. pre-capillary sphincter muscle artery arteriole Z plasma vein tissue fluid 182 b Explain why the wall of the artery is thicker than the wall of the vein. [2] c Suggest one role for the pre-capillary sphincter muscle shown in the figure. [1] d With reference to the figure, describe the role of capillaries in forming tissue fluid. [3] e i Describe three ways in which plasma differs from tissue fluid. [3] ii Name the fluid in vessel Z. [1] [Total: 11] Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology 9700 Paper 2, Question 4, November 2008 11 Figure 8.28, page 176, shows the pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta throughout two cardiac cycles. Make a copy of this diagram. a i How long does one heart beat (one cardiac cycle) last? [1] ii What is the heart rate represented on this graph, in beats per minute? [1] b The contraction of muscles in the ventricle wall causes the pressure inside the ventricle to rise. When the muscles relax, the pressure drops again. On your copy of the diagram, mark the following periods: i the time when the ventricle is contracting (ventricular systole) [1] ii the time when the ventricle is relaxing (ventricular diastole). [1] c The contraction of muscles in the wall of the atrium raises the pressure inside it. This pressure is also raised when blood flows into the atrium from the veins, while the atrial walls are relaxed. On your copy of the diagram, mark the following periods: i the time when the atrium is contracting (atrial systole) [1] ii the time when the atrium is relaxing (atrial diastole). [1] d The atrioventricular valves open when the pressure of the blood in the atria is greater than that in the ventricles. They snap shut when the pressure of the blood in the ventricles is greater than that in the atria. On your diagram, mark the points at which these valves will open and close. [1] e The opening and closing of the semilunar valves in the aorta depends in a similar way on the relative pressures in the aorta and ventricles. On your diagram, mark the points at which these valves will open and close. [1] f The right ventricle has much less muscle in its walls than the left ventricle, and only develops about one-quarter of the pressure developed on the left side of the heart. On your diagram, draw a line to represent the probable pressure inside the right ventricle over the 1.3 seconds shown. [1] [Total: 9]
Chapter 8: Transport in mammals 12 The diagram below shows a cross-section of the heart at the level of the valves. Q R P S a i Copy and complete the following flow chart to show the pathway of blood through the heart. [2] 183 vena cava right atrium valve P valve S left atrium lungs pulmonary artery valve Q left ventricle valve R aorta ii Explain how the valves P and Q ensure one-way flow of blood through the heart. [2]
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Mary Jones, Richard Fosbery, Jennif
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University Printing House, Cambridg
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Cambridge International AS Level an
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Cambridge International AS Level Bi
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Chapter 1: Cell structure The nucle
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Chapter 3
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Chapter 3: Enzymes Mammals such as
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Chapter 3: Enzymes QUESTION 3.2 Why
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Chapter 3: Enzymes Enzyme inhibitor
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Chapter 11: Immunity 3 Which of the
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Katydi
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Chapter P2: Planning, analysis and
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Appendix 2: DNA and RNA triplet cod
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Glossary artery a blood vessel that
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Glossary creatinine a nitrogenous e
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Index C3
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Index gluconeogenesis, 317 glucose,
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Index pacemaker, 177 palisade mesop
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Index tar, 190, 191, 193 taste buds
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Acknowledgements Meiosis” in Tuat
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Cambridge International AS and A Le
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Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

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