Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

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Cambridge International A Level Biology Appendix 1: Amino acid R groups The general formula for an amino acid is shown in Figure 2.16a (page 40). In the list below, only the R groups are shown; the rest of the amino acid molecule is represented by a block. CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH Alanine (Ala) NH Leucine (Leu) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 Arginine (Arg) NH 2 Lysine (Lys) O CH 2 NH 2 C CH 2 CH 2 S CH 3 Asparagine (Asn) Methionine (Met) CH 2 COOH CH 2 512 Aspartic acid (Asp) Phenylalanine (Phe) CH 2 SH CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cysteine (Cys) Proline (Pro) CH 2 CH 2 COOH CH 2 OH Glutamic acid (Glu) Serine (Ser) O CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C CH Glutamine (Gln) NH 2 Threonine (Thr) OH H CH 2 Glycine (Gly) Tryptophan (Trp) NH Histidine (His) CH 2 N NH CH 2 OH Tyrosine (Tyr) Isoleucine (Ile) CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Valine (Val) CH 3 CH CH CH 3
Appendix 2: DNA and RNA triplet codes The table below shows all the possible triplets of bases in a DNA molecule and what each codes for. The three-letter abbreviation for each amino acid is, in most cases, the first three letters of its full name (Appendix 1). First position Second position Third position A G T C Phe Ser Tyr Cys A A Phe Ser Tyr Cys G Leu Ser STOP STOP T Leu Ser STOP Trp C G T C Leu Leu Leu Leu Ile Ile Ile Met Val Val Val Val Pro Pro Pro Pro Thr Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala His His Gln Gln Asn Asn Lys Lys Asp Asp Glu Glu Arg Arg Arg Arg Ser Ser Arg Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly A G T C A G T C A G T C The table below shows all the possible triplets of bases in a mRNA molecule and what each codes for. 513 First position Second position Third position U C A G Phe Ser Tyr Cys U U Phe Ser Tyr Cys C Leu Ser STOP STOP A Leu Ser STOP Trp G C A G Leu Leu Leu Leu Ile Ile Ile Met Val Val Val Val Pro Pro Pro Pro Thr Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala His His Gln Gln Asn Asn Lys Lys Asp Asp Glu Glu Arg Arg Arg Arg Ser Ser Arg Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly U C A G U C A G U C A G
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Mary Jones, Richard Fosbery, Jennif
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Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

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