Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

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Cambridge International AS Level Biology Answers to end-of-chapter questions lines continuous, not sketchy and sharp pencil used;[4] ii LP plan drawn showing vascular bundles only and no cell detail; sclerenchyma, xylem and phloem drawn in outline;[2] iii no. of squares of graph paper covered by lignified tissue in root counted;[1] iv no. of squares of graph paper covered by whole root section counted;[1] v % squares occupied by lignified tissue in root calculated correctly from student’s answers to iii and iv; (answer should be greater than for root) [1] vi no. of squares covered by lignified tissue in stem counted; no. of squares covered by whole stem counted; % squares occupied by lignified tissue in stem calculated correctly; (answer should be around 1%) [3] vii stem needs more support than root; because upright in air and needs support to prevent it falling over / collapsing; AW[2] c roots subjected to tugging / pulling pressure from parts above ground; roots spread out, so like a series of guy ropes; stem a single column; greater strength from a ring of rods than from one central rod; ring of rods provides greater resistance to compression from above than a single central rod; AVP; accept any reasonable suggestion(s) which are based on different stresses to which roots and stems are subjected.[max. 2] [Total: 20] 5 a i ‘Temperature / °C’ on x-axis and ‘Enzyme activity / mean number of carbon dioxide bubbles released per minute’ on y-axis; suitable scales on both axes – range from 10 or 15 to 40 on x-axis and 0 or 5 to 20 on y-axis, in intervals of 2 or 5; all points plotted accurately, using crosses or encircled dots; thin, clear, best-fit line drawn or points joined with ruled lines – no extrapolation; [4] ii correct reading from graph, including unit (mean number of bubbles per minute);[1] iii accuracy: use water bath to change independent variable; control of significant named variable plus method of control (e.g. use same type of yeast); use named apparatus (e.g. gas syringe) to collect gas (for measurement of dependent variable); reliability: increase number / range of temperatures; repeat each temperature three times and calculate mean; [max. 3] b hypothesis is supported; quote figures for change in mean number of bubbles between any two temperatures between 15 °C and 40 °C; reference to no data below 15 °C or above 40 °C; so cannot tell if hypothesis is also supported outside this range; [max. 2] [Total: 10] 6 a x-axis is ‘Time / minutes’, y-axis is ‘Number of individuals’; scales on both axes with suitable range and interval; all bars plotted accurately or points plotted accurately (using a cross or an encircled dot); all lines neat and thin, plus key;[4] b on both days, minimum time taken is 35 min and maximum time taken is 55 min; on both days, number of individuals is greatest near the centre of the range; on day 1, greatest number of individuals take 45 minutes to digest starch, but on day 2 greatest number of individuals take 40 minutes to digest starch; mean time is greater on day 1 than on day 2; [max. 3] c temperature may have been higher on day 2; animals on day 2 may have eaten recently and so had more saliva / amylase in their mouths; [max. 1] Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology © Cambridge University Press 2014
Cambridge International AS Level Biology Answers to end-of-chapter questions d use individuals of same age / mass / body weight; ensure pre-treatment is the same (e.g. food given, environment); use same volume of saliva; use same volume and concentration of starch; keep temperature the same by using a water bath; [max. 3] [Total: 11] Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology © Cambridge University Press 2014
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Mary Jones, Richard Fosbery, Jennif
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University Printing House, Cambridg
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Cambridge International AS Level an
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Cambridge International AS Level Bi
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Ultrastru
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Chapter 1: Cell structure The nucle
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Chapter 1: Cell structure respirati
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules A c
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules The
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules Pro
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules Glo
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules a b
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules Hig
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules ■
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules 7 T
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Chapter 3
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Chapter 3: Enzymes Mammals such as
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Chapter 3: Enzymes QUESTION 3.2 Why
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Chapter 3: Enzymes Enzyme inhibitor
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Chapter 3: Enzymes results to plot
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Chapter 3: Enzymes BOX 3.2: Immobil
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Chapter 3: Enzymes 2 In a reaction
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Chapter 3: Enzymes b c The molecule
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Chapter 3: Enzymes no inhibitor inh
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Chapter 4: Cell membranes and trans
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Chapter 5
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Chapter 5: The mitotic cell cycle T
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants a b
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants Siev
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants Solu
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants a ph
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants End-
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants 9 Th
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Chapter 8: Transport in mammals 157
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Chapter 8: Transport in mammals Key
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Chapter 8: Transport in mammals Art
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Chapter 10: Infectious diseases Ver
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Chapter 10: Infectious diseases QUE
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Chapter 10: Infectious diseases End
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Chapter 10: Infectious diseases 8 a
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Chapter 11: Immunity Smallpox was f
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Chapter 11: Immunity Phagocytes Pha
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Chapter 11: Immunity Some of these
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Chapter 11: Immunity variable regio
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Chapter 11: Immunity secrete cytoki
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Chapter 11: Immunity Concentration
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Chapter 11: Immunity Antigenic conc
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Chapter 11: Immunity Autoimmune dis
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Chapter 11: Immunity antigen inject
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Chapter 11: Immunity Summary ■■
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Chapter 11: Immunity 3 Which of the
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Chapter 11: Immunity 10 a Rearrange
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Chapter P1: Practical skills for AS
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Cambridge International A Level Bio
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis The hypotha
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis The structu
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis The kidney
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis Blood capil
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H 2 O H 2 O Na 5 Key part of the as
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis How ADH aff
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis The control
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis A decrease
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis People with
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis Stomata sho
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis Stomata clo
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis End-of-chap
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis 8 An invest
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Chapter 15: Coordination 329 Learni
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Chapter 15: Coordination central ne
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Chapter 15: Coordination A reflex a
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Chapter 15: Coordination Action pot
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Chapter 15: Coordination What is di
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Chapter 15: Coordination in sense o
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Chapter 15: Coordination Synapses W
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Chapter 15: Coordination The depola
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Chapter 15: Coordination It is obvi
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Chapter 15: Coordination Structure
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Chapter 15: Coordination binding si
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Chapter 15: Coordination The menstr
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Chapter 15: Coordination The mornin
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Chapter 15: Coordination Auxins and
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Chapter 15: Coordination Summary
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Chapter 15: Coordination 3 Which of
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Chapter 15: Coordination 9 A biopsy
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Chapter 15: Coordination 12 Gibbere
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Katydi
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Two ty
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Meiosi
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Gameto
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Chapter 16: Inherited change a An o
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Chapter 16: Inherited change The ob
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Chapter 16: Inherited change It is
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Sex li
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Chapter 16: Inherited change The pl
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Chapter 16: Inherited change of 9 :
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Phenot
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Chapter 16: Inherited change So now
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Chapter 16: Inherited change vision
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Chapter 16: Inherited change End-of
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Chapter 16: Inherited change 10 In
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Chapter 17: Selection and evolution
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Genetic variation, whether caused b
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Chapter 18: Biodiversity, classific
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Chapter P2: Planning, analysis and
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Appendix 2: DNA and RNA triplet cod
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Glossary artery a blood vessel that
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Glossary creatinine a nitrogenous e
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Glossary haemoglobin the red pigmen
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Glossary negative feedback a proces
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Glossary reaction centre a molecule
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Glossary transfer RNA (tRNA) a fold
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Index C3
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Index gluconeogenesis, 317 glucose,
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Index pacemaker, 177 palisade mesop
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Index tar, 190, 191, 193 taste buds
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Acknowledgements Meiosis” in Tuat
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Cambridge International AS and A Le
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