Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

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Cambridge International AS Level Biology Answers to end-of-chapter questions b distribution for one mark: malaria occurs between the tropics / tropics and sub-tropics / in equatorial regions / South and Central America, Africa and S-E Asia; explanation for four marks: Anopheles / mosquito / vector, distributed throughout tropical regions; Plasmodium falciparum cannot complete its life cycle within mosquitoes at temperatures less than 20 °C; Anopheles, needs high rainfall / high humidity / standing water; Anopheles lays eggs in water; no transmission at high altitude; too cold for parasite to complete life cycle; no transmission in deserts; no breeding grounds for mosquitoes;[max. 5] c Plasmodium is intracellular parasite; inside, red blood cells / liver cells; antigenic concealment; antibodies are ineffective; short stage in plasma when antibodies are effective; Plasmodium is eukaryotic; has many, genes / antigens; difficult to develop a vaccine; resistance to drugs used, to treat malaria / as prophylactics; example of drug; Anopheles / vector, breeds in small pools of water; difficult to control all breeding places; mosquitoes come into contact with humans; mosquitoes become resistant to insecticides; [max. 6] [Total: 14] 8 a bacteria pass out in faeces of infected person; carried in, water / food, consumed by uninfected person;[2] b i 2.22;[1] ii treatment for cholera involves supply of oral rehydration therapy; and provision of safe drinking water; better response to emergencies (in some countries); effectiveness of response may depend on number of cases; ref to very high number of cases in Haiti; may depend on remoteness of regions affected by cholera; or ways in which, emergency supplies / personnel, can reach affected areas; ref to high case fatality rates in, Nigeria / Cameroon; use of data to compare case fatality rates in individual country with global rate; [max. 3] iii cholera is a serious disease; death can occur very quickly after infection; spreads quickly in population (especially after a disaster); deaths are avoidable; if ORT is available immediately; data is useful to predict, situations / places, where cholera may occur; WHO can coordinate responses to outbreaks; [max. 3] c i infected person travelled from an area with an outbreak of cholera;[1] ii water supply is not contaminated with (human), sewage / faeces; piped water / water supply is treated to kill bacteria; V. cholera destroyed in sewage treatment; [max. 2] [Total: 12] 9 a i Mycobacterium tuberculosis; accept Mycobacterium bovis[1] ii infected person, coughs / sneezes / spits; aerosol / droplets, containing bacteria, breathed in by uninfected person;[2] b i Sub-Saharan Africa; South-East Asia; countries of, old Soviet Union / Russian Federation; India / Pakistan / Afghanistan; South America / Bolivia; Papua New Guinea; [max. 3] ii TB linked with HIV infection; HIV weakens immune system; TB is an opportunistic disease; Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology © Cambridge University Press 2014
Cambridge International AS Level Biology Answers to end-of-chapter questions as many people are infected although show no symptoms; transmission where there is, overcrowding / poor housing; poverty; poor ventilation of housing; poor nutrition; poor access to health care; poorly organised treatment for people with TB; [max. 4] [Total: 10] Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology © Cambridge University Press 2014
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Mary Jones, Richard Fosbery, Jennif
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University Printing House, Cambridg
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Cambridge International AS Level an
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Cambridge International AS Level Bi
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Ultrastru
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Chapter 1: Cell structure The nucle
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Chapter 1: Cell structure respirati
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules A c
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules The
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules Pro
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules Glo
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules a b
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules Hig
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules ■
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Chapter 2: Biological molecules 7 T
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Chapter 3
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Chapter 3: Enzymes Mammals such as
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Chapter 3: Enzymes QUESTION 3.2 Why
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Chapter 3: Enzymes Enzyme inhibitor
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Chapter 3: Enzymes results to plot
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Chapter 3: Enzymes BOX 3.2: Immobil
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Chapter 3: Enzymes 2 In a reaction
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Chapter 3: Enzymes b c The molecule
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Chapter 3: Enzymes no inhibitor inh
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Chapter 4: Cell membranes and trans
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Chapter 5
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Chapter 5: The mitotic cell cycle T
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants a b
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants Siev
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants Solu
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants a ph
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants End-
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Chapter 7: Transport in plants 9 Th
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Chapter 8: Transport in mammals 157
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Chapter 8: Transport in mammals Key
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Chapter 8: Transport in mammals Art
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Chapter 10: Infectious diseases Ver
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Chapter 10: Infectious diseases QUE
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Chapter 10: Infectious diseases End
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Chapter 10: Infectious diseases 8 a
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Chapter 11: Immunity Smallpox was f
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Chapter 11: Immunity Phagocytes Pha
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Chapter 11: Immunity Some of these
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Chapter 11: Immunity variable regio
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Chapter 11: Immunity secrete cytoki
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Chapter 11: Immunity Concentration
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Chapter 11: Immunity Antigenic conc
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Chapter 11: Immunity Autoimmune dis
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Chapter 11: Immunity antigen inject
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Chapter 11: Immunity Summary ■■
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Chapter 11: Immunity 3 Which of the
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Chapter 11: Immunity 10 a Rearrange
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Chapter P1: Practical skills for AS
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Cambridge International A Level Bio
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis The hypotha
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis The structu
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis The kidney
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis Blood capil
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H 2 O H 2 O Na 5 Key part of the as
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis How ADH aff
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis The control
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis A decrease
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis People with
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis Stomata sho
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis Stomata clo
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis End-of-chap
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Chapter 14: Homeostasis 8 An invest
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Chapter 15: Coordination 329 Learni
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Chapter 15: Coordination central ne
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Chapter 15: Coordination A reflex a
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Chapter 15: Coordination Action pot
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Chapter 15: Coordination What is di
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Chapter 15: Coordination in sense o
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Chapter 15: Coordination Synapses W
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Chapter 15: Coordination The depola
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Chapter 15: Coordination It is obvi
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Chapter 15: Coordination Structure
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Chapter 15: Coordination binding si
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Chapter 15: Coordination The menstr
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Chapter 15: Coordination The mornin
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Chapter 15: Coordination Auxins and
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Chapter 15: Coordination Summary
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Chapter 15: Coordination 3 Which of
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Chapter 15: Coordination 9 A biopsy
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Chapter 15: Coordination 12 Gibbere
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Katydi
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Two ty
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Meiosi
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Gameto
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Chapter 16: Inherited change a An o
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Chapter 16: Inherited change The ob
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Chapter 16: Inherited change It is
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Sex li
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Chapter 16: Inherited change The pl
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Chapter 16: Inherited change of 9 :
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Chapter 16: Inherited change Phenot
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Chapter 16: Inherited change So now
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Chapter 16: Inherited change vision
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Chapter 16: Inherited change End-of
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Chapter 16: Inherited change 10 In
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Chapter 17: Selection and evolution
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Genetic variation, whether caused b
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Chapter 18: Biodiversity, classific
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Chapter P2: Planning, analysis and
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Appendix 2: DNA and RNA triplet cod
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Glossary artery a blood vessel that
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Glossary creatinine a nitrogenous e
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Glossary haemoglobin the red pigmen
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Glossary negative feedback a proces
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Glossary reaction centre a molecule
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Glossary transfer RNA (tRNA) a fold
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Chapter 1: Cell structure Index C3
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Index gluconeogenesis, 317 glucose,
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Index pacemaker, 177 palisade mesop
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Index tar, 190, 191, 193 taste buds
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Acknowledgements Meiosis” in Tuat
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Cambridge International AS and A Le
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Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

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