Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

Chapter 11: Immunity
3 Which of the following explains why antibody molecules have quaternary structure?
A antibodies have a variable region
B antibodies have complex 3D shapes
C antibodies have four polypeptides
D antibodies have more than one polypeptide [1]
4 Which type of immunity is provided by vaccination?
A artificial active
B artificial passive
C natural active
D natural passive [1]
5 What describes the cells producing monoclonal antibodies?
A a clone of B-lymphocytes, all of which secrete different antibodies
B a clone of hybridoma cells, all of which secrete identical proteins
C a clone of T-lymphocytes, all of which secrete the same cytokine
D a clone of T-lymphocytes, all of which secrete identical antibodies [1]
6 Tetanus is a bacterial disease that may be acquired during accidents in which a wound is exposed to the soil.
B-lymphocytes originate from stem cells, mature and circulate around the body. Following infection by tetanus bacteria,
some B-lymphocytes will become activated as shown in the figure.
F
G
243
mature B-lymphocyte
stem cell
E
tetanus bacteria
enter the body
H
a With reference to the figure, name:
i the place where the stem cells divide to form B-lymphocytes [1]
ii the type of division that occurs at E [1]
iii the activated B-lymphocyte, F [1]
iv the molecule G. [1]
b Use the information in the figure to explain the differences between the following pairs of terms:
i antigen and antibody [3]
ii self and non-self. [2]
c Explain how cell H is responsible for long-term immunity to tetanus. [3]
[Total: 12]