Cambridge International A Level Biology Revision Guide

Index
gluconeogenesis, 317
glucose, 30, 31, 33, 269, 272–5, 300, 309
glucose oxidase, 319, 320
GLUT, 316
glutamic acid, 341
glycerate 3-phosphate (GP), 290
glycerides, 37
glycerol, 37
glycocalyx, 76
glycogen, 34, 315, 316
glycogen phosphorylase, 317
glycolipids, 76–7
glycolysis, 272–3
glycoproteins, 76–7
glycosidic bonds, 32
glyphosate, 480
goblet cells, 189
golden frog (Atelopus zeteki), 446
Golden Rice, 482–3
Golgi apparatus, 5, 15
Golgi body, 5, 15
Golgi complex, 5, 15
Golgi vesicles, 15
gradient, 260
grana, 6, 20, 290
grasses, 293–4, 415–16
green fluorescent protein (GFP), 468
greenhouse gases, 443
grids, 139, 251
growth, 101, 367
guanine, 112, 113
guard cells, 320, 322
GUS, 468
H band, 346
habitat, 425
habitat fragmentation, 441
habitat loss, 441
habitat restoration, 453–4
haem group, 43
haemocytometers, 251–2
haemoglobin, 42, 43, 118, 168–71, 470
haemoglobin dissociation curve, 168–70
haemoglobinic acid (HHb), 170
haemophilia, 379, 476
Haiti, 454
haploid cells, 367, 368
Hardy–Weinberg principle, 408–9
heart, 159, 173–8
heart beat control, 177–8
helper T cells, 230–1
herbicide-resistant crops, 480–1
herd immunity, 234
heterochromatin, 96
heterotrophs, 268
heterozygous genotypes, 374
hexoses, 29, 30
high altitude, 172
high-power detail, 131, 262
Hill reaction, 288–9
histograms, 258
HIV, 200, 205–9
homeostasis, 164, 299–324
homologous chromosomes, 366, 367
homozygous genotypes, 374
Hooke, Robert, 2
horizontal transmission, 214
hormones, 349–51, 354–6
humidity, 136, 254
Huntington’s disease, 389, 477
hybridisation, 412
hybridoma, 239
hydrogen bonds, 34, 35–6, 42
hydrogen carrier molecules, 275
hydrogencarbonate ions, 170
hydrolysis, 32, 37, 47
hydrophilic molecules, 36
hydrophobic interaction, 42
hydrophobic molecules, 36
hydrostatic pressure, 142–3
hyphae, 438
hypothalamus, 302–3
hypotheses, 491
I band, 346
IAA (indole 3-acetic acid), 355
immune response, 101, 224
immune system, 224–32
immunity, 222–42
immunoglobulins, 228
immunological memory, 228
in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), 268, 448
inbreeding, 412
incipient plasmolysis, 85
independent assortment, 368
independent variables, 247, 248, 492–3
induced fit hypothesis, 55
industrial melanism, 406–7
infectious diseases, 198–218
infliximab, 240
influenza virus, 234
initial rate of reaction, 57
input, 301
insect-resistant crops, 481–2
insulin, 315–16, 317, 466–8
integral proteins, 75–6
intermediate neurones, 331, 332
intermembrane space, 16
internal environment, 300
International Rice Research Institute,
411, 450, 483
International System of Units (SI units),
6
interphase, 95, 97
interquartile range, 496
interval, 248
intrinsic proteins, 75–6
invasive species, 451–2
invertase, 150
iodine solution, 34
ionic bonds, 42
ionising radiation, 387
ipilimumab, 240
islets of Langerhans, 315
isomers, 30
Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica),
452
Kaposi’s sarcoma, 208
karyograms, 365
katydids, 365
keratin, 43
keto-acids (ketones), 318
kidney, 305–11, 313–14
killer T cells (cytotoxic T cells), 230
kinetochores, 100
kingdoms, 438–40
kite diagram, 431, 432
Krebs cycle, 273
lac operon, 389–91
lactate dehydrogenase, 277
lactic fermentation, 277
lactose, 31
lactose-free dairy products, 64
learning, 344
leaves
structure, 128–34
surface area measurement, 139
leucocytes see white blood cells
leukaemias, 232
light intensity
experimental variable, 254
photosynthesis, 291–2
transpiration, 136
light micrograph, 10
light microscope, 3, 10
lignin, 5, 133, 141
limiting factors, 292
line graphs, 256–7
line transect, 431
linear correlation, 433
link reaction, 273
linkage, 383
lipids, 29, 36–8
liposomes, 73
lock and key hypothesis, 54–5
locus, 366
loop of Henle, 306, 310–11
low-power plan, 128, 262
529