collega - Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem

The Security Council should,
however, act not only against the
perpetrators but also on behalf of
victims. In this respect, the Commission
also proposes the establishment
an International Compensation
Commission, consisting of fifteen
(15) members, ten (10) appointed by
the United Nations Secretary-
General and five (5) by an independent
Sudanese body.
2. Action that should be taken
by the Sudanese authorities
Government of the Sudan was put
on notice concerning the alleged
serious crimes that are taking place
in Darfur. It must take serious measures
to address these violations. The
Commission of Inquiry therefore
recommends the Government of the
Sudan to:
(i) end the impunity for the war
crimes and crimes against
humanity committed in Darfur;
(ii) strengthen the independence and
impartiality of the judiciary and
to confer on courts adequate
powers to address human rights
violations;
(iii) grant the International Committee
of the Red Cross and the
United Nations human rights
monitors full and unimpeded
access to all those detained in
relation to the situation in
Darfur;
(iv) ensure the protection of all the
victims and witnesses of human
rights violations, particularly
those who were in contact with
the Commission of Inquiry and
ensure the protection of all
human rights defenders;
(v) with the help of international
community, enhance the capacity
of the Sudanese judiciary
through the training of judges,
prosecutors and lawyers.
Emphasis should be laid on
human rights law, humanitarian
law, as well as international
criminal law;
(vi) fully cooperate with the relevant
human rights bodies and mechanisms
of the United Nations and
the African Union, particularly,
the special representative of the
United Nations Secretary-
General on human rights
defenders;
and
(vii) create through a broad consultative
process, including civil society
and victim groups, a truth
and reconciliation commission
once peace is established in
Darfur.
3. Measures That Could be Taken by
Other Bodies
Given the seriousness of the human
rights situation in Darfur and its
impact on the human rights situation
in the Sudan, the Commission recommends
that the Commission on
Human Rights consider the re-establishment
of the mandate of the
Special Rapporteur on human rights
in the Sudan.
The Commission recommends
that the High Commissioner for
Human Rights should issue public
and periodic reports on the human
rights situation in Darfur.
Dr. Soltész Kinga
ECHO, the European Community
Humanitarian Aid Office
I. Introduction
The European Union plays a multiplicity
of roles in a range of policy
areas in the international system 1
and the global context is increasingly
seen as a stage on which the Union
must act. 2
These EU-foreign policy
areas mainly include trade relations,
security and defence issues, development
affairs, environmental
issues and humanitarian assistance.
The role of the EU varies from area to
area. The humanitarian assistance
affairs is one particularly and
increasingly important foreign policyarea
of the EU, and the earliest
attempt to differentiate between the
different roles of the EU in external
aid was the establishment of the
ECHO in 1992. 3
II. Definition of humanitarian aid
The EU is the world’s leading aid
donor. It provides 55% of international
humanitarian aid, 30% of
which comes from ECHO and 25%
directly from the Member States. The
aim of humanitarian aid is to provide
help to people in third countries,
who have been victims of natural
disasters (earthquakes, floods,
droughts, hurricanes), or man-made
disasters (wars, conflicts, outbreaks
of fighting) or structural crises
(severe political, economic or social
breakdowns). The focus is mainly on
providing goods and services (for
example food supplies, medicine,
vaccinations, water conveyance,
psychological support, minesweeping,
clothes, shelter, rehabilitation).
The aid is also serving preventiving
goals (planting of trees to counter
floods, etc.).
The sole aim of humanitarian
assistance is to prevent or relieve
human suffering. It is directed mainly
towards vulnerable people and, as
a priority, to those in developing
countries. A key point is that it is
accorded to victims without discrimination
on the grounds of race, religion,
sex, age, nationality or political
affiliation. Humanitarian aid deci-
1 Charlotte Bretherton – John Vogler: The European Union as a Global Actor. Routledge, London. 1999. p. 15.
2 Marise Cremona: External Relations Of The EU And The Member States: Competence, Mixed Agreements, International Responsibility, And
Effects Of International Law. European University Institute, Florence. 2004. p. 553.
3 Martin Holland: The European Union and the Third World. Palgrave, 2002. p. 100.
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