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Reurbanisierung der Innenstadt 12vices have, in contrast, become more important. Administration and culture have maintained,or even improved, their position somewhat in most of the inner cities covered by the survey.The medium-sized cities surveyed see the existing small-scale mix of functions with a higherproportion of housing, regionally significant educational institutions, and more closely interrelatedforms of use (residential – commercial – recreational) as representing a special quality.In the large cities polled by the survey the functional areas are larger and increasingly concentratedin “clusters”. Nearby are small urban areas (neighbourhoods) where particular lifestylegroups bring about a demand-driven mix that includes, for example, housing, local supplies,services and culture.In addition to shifts in the shares of different functions there are also spatial shifts away fromconcentrations of a particular use such as large (retail) investments that can lead to functionaldifficulties for the main shopping area.The cities polled counter tendencies such as the spatial separation of functions throughoutthe entire urban area by making qualitative improvements, particularly to the residential function,or contributing to a stabilisation process with decisions on location, (e.g. concentratingpublic administration and educational institutions), improving quality (e.g. service, publicity,city management) or spatial linkage (e.g. link routes).The clearest conflicts are primarily those between the housing and transport functions, andalso, depending on their proximity, those between inner-city housing, catering and leisureevents.Profiling the inner cityDrawing up plans of action that cover the entire city, and e.g. future or already implementedinner-city restructuring have led to a nation-wide discussion of the specific qualities (in termsof qualities / potentials) and inner city prospect profiling.The size of a city and the regional situation influence the respective qualities. A promisingapproach to inner-city development is the recognition of existing urban qualities followed bythe conscious development of a clear development profile, where it is particularly the activelocal players or constellations of players who have the skills to contribute to the formation ofthe city’s profile.These urban talents or qualities are often not limited to the inner city, although this is wherethey are most in evidence. The profiling strategy of a city that is consciously building on itsexisting talents is a well-tested approach in order to gain a standing with long-term prospectsagainst the inter-urban competition. The exclusive focus on shopping can prove to becounter-productive if there are other, better-qualified, easily accessible cities in the vicinity.Retail trade and large shopping centresAlthough inner cities are usually only one of a number of a city’s trading districts, shopping isheld to be a key inner-city function. Suppliers’ structural adaptations and customers’ newshopping habits have resulted in big changes to what retailing now offers the shopper. Inspite of the overall trend strengthening the retailing function, in most inner cities the forms ofretailing are shifting: shopping centres and supermarkets are benefiting, while ownermanagedshops and traditional department stores are suffering. There is frequently a reduc-Abstract BMVBS-Online-Publikation Nr. 19/2010