Building Design and Construction Handbook - Merritt - Ventech!

WALL, FLOOR, AND CEILING SYSTEMS 11.5
Stretcher. A masonry unit laid with length horizontal and parallel with the wall
face (Fig. 12.3).
Veneer. A wythe securely attached to a wall but not considered as sharing load
or adding strength to it (Fig. 11.1a).
Virtual Eccentricity. The eccentricity of resultant axial loads required to produce
axial and bending stresses equivalent to those produced by applied axial and
transverse loads.
Wall. Vertical or near-vertical construction, with length exceeding three times the
thickness, for enclosing space or retaining earth or stored materials.
Bearing Wall. A wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight.
Cavity Wall. (See Hollow Wall below.)
Curtain Wall. A non-load-bearing exterior wall.
Faced Wall. A wall in which the masonry facing and the backing are of different
materials and are so bonded as to exert a common reaction under load.
Hollow Wall. A wall of masonry so arranged as to provide an air space within
the wall between the inner and outer wythes (Fig. 11.1b, c, and d). A cavity
wall is built of masonry units or plain concrete, or of a combination of these
materials, so arranged as to provide an airspace within the wall, which may be
filled with insulation, and in which inner and outer wythes are tied together with
metal ties (Fig. 11.1d).
Nonbearing Wall. A wall that supports no vertical load other than its own weight.
Party Wall. A wall on an interior lot line used or adapted for joint service between
two buildings.
Shear Wall. A wall that resists horizontal forces applied in the plane of the wall.
Spandrel Wall. An exterior curtain wall at the level of the outside floor beams in
multistory buildings. It may extend from the head of the window below the floor
to the sill of the window above.
Veneered Wall. A wall having a facing of masonry or other material securely
attached to a backing, but not so bonded as to exert a common reaction under
load (Fig. 11.1a).
Wythe. Each continuous vertical section of a wall one masonry unit in thickness
(Fig. 11.1).
11.2 QUALITY OF MATERIALS FOR MASONRY
Materials used in masonry construction should be capable of meeting the requirements
of the applicable standard of ASTM.
Second-hand materials should be used only with extreme caution. Much salvaged
brick, for example, comes from demolition of old buildings constructed of
solid brick in which hard-burned units were used on the exterior and salmon units
as backup. Because the color differences that guided the original masons in sorting
and selecting bricks become obscured with exposure and contact with mortar, there
is a definite danger that the salmon bricks may be used for exterior exposure and
may disintegrate rapidly. Masonry units salvaged from chimneys are not recommended
because they may be impregnated with oils or tarry material.