Building Design and Construction Handbook - Merritt - Ventech!

6.96 SECTION SIX
FIGURE 6.42 Common types of cast-in-place concrete piles: (a) Uncased pile;
(b) Franki uncased-pedestal pile; (c) Franki cased-pedestal pile; (d) welded or seamless
pipe pile; (e) cased pile using a thin sheet shell; (f) monotube pile; (g) uniform
tapered pile; (h) step-tapered pile. (From J. E. Bowles, ‘‘Foundation Analysis and
Design,’’ 3d ed., McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, with permission of Mc-
Graw-Hill, Inc.)
6.9 FOUNDATION EXCAVATIONS
There are many different types of excavations performed during the construction
of a project. For example, soil may be excavated from the cut or borrow area and
then used as fill (see Art. 6.10). Another example is the excavation of a shear key
or buttress that will be used to stabilize a slope or landslide. Other examples of
excavations are as follows:
1. Footing Excavations. This type of service involves measuring the dimension of
geotechnical elements (such as the depth and width of footings) to make sure
that they conform to the requirements of the construction plans. This service is
often performed at the same time as the field observation to confirm bearing
conditions.