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Building Design and Construction Handbook - Merritt - Ventech!

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8.34 SECTION EIGHT<br />

TABLE 8.7 ASTM Bolt, Nut, <strong>and</strong> Washer Steels<br />

A194 Carbon <strong>and</strong> alloy steel nuts for high-pressure <strong>and</strong> high-temperature service<br />

A307 Carbon steel bolts <strong>and</strong> studs<br />

A325 High-strength bolts for structural steel joints<br />

A354 Grade BD quenched <strong>and</strong> tempered alloy-steel bolts, studs, <strong>and</strong> other externally<br />

threaded fasteners (for bolt diameter less than 1 ⁄2 in)<br />

A449 Quenched <strong>and</strong> tempered steel bolts <strong>and</strong> studs (for bolt diameter less than 1 ⁄2 in)<br />

A490 Heat-treated steel structural bolts<br />

A563 Carbon <strong>and</strong> alloy steel nuts<br />

F436 Hardened steel washers<br />

F844 Washers, steel, plain (flat), unhardened for general use<br />

F959 Compressible washer-type, direct-tension indicators for use with structural<br />

fasteners<br />

TABLE 8.8 Maximum Size of Bolt Holes, in.<br />

Nominal<br />

bolt<br />

diameter,<br />

in<br />

St<strong>and</strong>ard<br />

hole<br />

diameter<br />

d h,in<br />

Oversized<br />

hole<br />

diameter<br />

d h,in<br />

Short-slotted<br />

hole, in<br />

Less than 1 ⁄2 d � 1 ⁄32 d � 1 ⁄16 (d � 1 ⁄32)<br />

by (d � 1 ⁄4)<br />

1 ⁄2 or larger d � 1 ⁄16 d � 1 ⁄8 (d � 1 ⁄16)<br />

by (d � 1 ⁄4)<br />

Long-slotted<br />

hole, in<br />

(d � 1 ⁄32)<br />

by (2 1 ⁄2d)<br />

(d � 1 ⁄16)<br />

by (2 1 ⁄2d)<br />

where �e � safety factor for sheet tearing<br />

� 2.00 when Fu/F sy � 1.08<br />

� 2.22 when Fu/F sy � 1.08<br />

P � force, kips, transmitted by a bolt<br />

t � thickness, in, of thinnest connected part<br />

Fu � tensile strength, ksi, of connected part<br />

Fsy � yield strength, ksi, of connected part<br />

In addition, the minimum distance between centers of bolt holes should provide<br />

sufficient clearance for bolt heads, nuts, washers, <strong>and</strong> wrench but be at least 3 times<br />

the nominal diameter d, in. The distance from the center of any st<strong>and</strong>ard hole to<br />

the end or boundary of the connecting member should be at least 11 ⁄2d.<br />

8.18.2 Bolted Cold-Formed Members in Tension<br />

Calculation of the allowable tension force on the net section of a bolted connection<br />

depends on the thickness t, in, of the thinnest connected part. When t exceeds 3 ⁄16<br />

in, design of the connection is governed by the AISC ‘‘Specification for Structural<br />

Steel <strong>Building</strong>s, Allowable Stress <strong>Design</strong> <strong>and</strong> Plastic <strong>Design</strong>,’’ American Institute<br />

of Steel <strong>Construction</strong>, One East Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60601. When t does<br />

not exceed 3 ⁄16 in <strong>and</strong> washers are provided under the bolt head <strong>and</strong> nut, the following<br />

is applicable:

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