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Building Design and Construction Handbook - Merritt - Ventech!

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WALL, FLOOR, AND CEILING SYSTEMS 11.141<br />

FIGURE 11.85 Typical nails. FIGURE 11.86 Typical screws.<br />

Two holes should be bored for lag screws, one to take the unthreaded shank without<br />

binding <strong>and</strong> the other (a smaller hole) to take the threaded part. This smaller hole<br />

is usually somewhat shorter in length than the threaded portion. Lag screws usually<br />

have square heads <strong>and</strong> are tightened with a wrench.<br />

11.72 WELDED STUDS<br />

Studs electrically welded to the steel framework of a building are often used as the<br />

primary element for securing corrugated siding <strong>and</strong> roofing, insulation, metal window<br />

frames, ornamental outer skins, anchorages for concrete, <strong>and</strong> other items. The<br />

welded studs thus form an integral part of the basic structure.<br />

Many types of studs or fasteners are available, each one being designed for a<br />

particular purpose. Most of the studs have threads formed on them, either externally<br />

or internally. Some of the studs are designed to have the material impaled over<br />

them <strong>and</strong> riveted to them.<br />

The studs are designed so as to project the exact distance desired after they have<br />

been welded. Special sealing washers <strong>and</strong> nuts are usually placed on each stud over<br />

the flat sheet of material being fastened. Tightening the nut or exp<strong>and</strong>ing the head

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