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Building Design and Construction Handbook - Merritt - Ventech!

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11.144 SECTION ELEVEN<br />

11.74 BOLTS<br />

A bolt is a cylindrical fastener that consists of a head shaped to facilitate turning<br />

with a wrench <strong>and</strong> a threaded shank of smaller diameter (Fig. 11.89). To fasten two<br />

or more building components together, the bolt is placed in a prepared hole that<br />

extends through the components <strong>and</strong> is slightly larger than the shank. A nut, usually<br />

of a type shown in Fig. 11.89, is threaded onto the shank <strong>and</strong> tightened to draw<br />

the parts together.<br />

Bolts used in connections subjected to heavy loads, such as connections in structural<br />

framing, are described in Secs. 7 through 10.<br />

A washer often is placed under the head of a bolt <strong>and</strong> under a nut. A washer<br />

can accomplish several purposes: (1) Distribute the compressive force exerted by a<br />

tensioned bolt over a wider area than that of the contact surface of the bolt head<br />

or nut. (2) Prevent the head or nut from turning <strong>and</strong> thus prevent the components<br />

of a connection from separating. (3) Serve as a seal against moisture penetration.<br />

(4) Insulate incompatible materials from each other. (5) Prevent the head or nut<br />

FIGURE 11.89 Types of bolts, nuts, <strong>and</strong> washers.

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