food-and-wine-pairing-a-sensory-experience-robert-harrington
food-and-wine-pairing-a-sensory-experience-robert-harrington
food-and-wine-pairing-a-sensory-experience-robert-harrington
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314 Glossary<br />
Consistency. Refers to the viscosity in a <strong>food</strong> or drink.<br />
Crisp. Describes a <strong>wine</strong> with a substantial level of acidity,<br />
resulting in a refreshing <strong>and</strong> mouth-cleansing impact when<br />
tasted.<br />
Cryoextraction. A technique where mechanical freezing is<br />
used to create frozen dessert <strong>wine</strong>s.<br />
D<br />
Demiglace. A mixture of equal amounts of brown stock <strong>and</strong><br />
brown sauce that is reduced by half.<br />
Dessert <strong>wine</strong>s. The legal definition is a fortified <strong>wine</strong><br />
(sweet or dry) that has an alcohol level greater than 15 percent<br />
by volume.<br />
Differentiation. A business strategy that refers to creating<br />
a perception that a firm’s products or services are unique.<br />
Dosage. A small amount of <strong>wine</strong> (usually sweet) added back<br />
to the sparkling <strong>wine</strong> bottle once the yeast sediment that<br />
collects in the neck of the bottle is removed.<br />
Dried-grape <strong>wine</strong>s. Grapes are harvested, then allowed to<br />
dry under controlled conditions. A typical method is to dry<br />
the grapes on straw mats or screens.<br />
Dry. Dry <strong>wine</strong>s are <strong>wine</strong>s with little or no residual sugar<br />
remaining after fermentation.<br />
E<br />
Effervescence. The level of carbonation present in a <strong>wine</strong>.<br />
Most table <strong>wine</strong>s have no effervescence present.<br />
Eiswein. German ice <strong>wine</strong>. See Ice <strong>wine</strong>.<br />
Extract. Particles of fruit that remains in a finished <strong>wine</strong>;<br />
can create a more intense mouthfeel.<br />
F<br />
Fino Sherry. Yeast is used in the production of Fino Sherry<br />
<strong>and</strong> gives it a distinct bouquet. Manzanilla <strong>and</strong> Amontillados<br />
Sherries are variations of the Fino type.<br />
Firm cheeses. This category of cheese is probably the most<br />
<strong>wine</strong>-friendly. These cheeses generally have subtlety, a refined<br />
texture, <strong>and</strong> a pleasant, lingering finish. They vary in<br />
their degree of mildness or sharpness depending on the aging<br />
process. Examples include cheddar, Cantal, <strong>and</strong> Jarlsberg.<br />
Flavor. Sensations detected during a retronasal process as<br />
aromas are picked up through the back of the mouth <strong>and</strong><br />
then flow into the nasal cavity.<br />
Flavor intensity. The relative level of force of the characteristic<br />
flavor(s) in the <strong>wine</strong> or <strong>food</strong>.<br />
Flavor persistence. A continuance of pleasant or negative<br />
effect after a <strong>wine</strong> or <strong>food</strong> has been swallowed. Persistence<br />
can be a pleasant <strong>and</strong> important indicator of <strong>wine</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>food</strong><br />
quality or it can create a negative aftertaste. In <strong>wine</strong> terminology,<br />
persistency is also described as length or finish.<br />
Flight. A group of <strong>wine</strong>s evaluated side by side in a tasting.<br />
Floc de Gascogne. A popular fortified <strong>wine</strong> served in<br />
southern France as an aperitif. Floc is produced using a<br />
combination of fresh grape juices <strong>and</strong> strong young Armagnac.<br />
It can be made with red or white grapes <strong>and</strong> has appealing<br />
young <strong>and</strong> fruity flavors.<br />
Fortified <strong>wine</strong>s. Fortified <strong>wine</strong>s are strengthened with the<br />
addition of <strong>wine</strong> spirits. A neutral br<strong>and</strong>y is added to the<br />
<strong>wine</strong> before the fermentation process is complete. The remaining<br />
sugar that has not been changed into alcohol creates<br />
a sweet taste in the finished fortified <strong>wine</strong>.<br />
Foxy. Describes an aroma or taste in <strong>wine</strong> that resembles<br />
Concord grape juice. Common in many American species<br />
(i.e., Vitis lambrusca).<br />
Fresh cheeses. Fresh cheeses are relatively mild <strong>and</strong><br />
creamy <strong>and</strong> are neither cooked nor ripened. Examples include<br />
chèvre, cottage cheese, cream cheese, fromage blanc,<br />
mascarpone, Neufchâtel, <strong>and</strong> ricotta.<br />
Fructooligosaccharide (FOS). A non-additive sweet carbohydrate<br />
where one sucrose molecule combines with two<br />
or three fructose units to form a more complex carbohydrate<br />
that increases sweetness without adding calories.<br />
G<br />
Gastronomic identity. The concept of identifying the influences<br />
of the environment (geography <strong>and</strong> climate) <strong>and</strong><br />
culture (history <strong>and</strong> ethnic influences) on prevailing taste<br />
components, textures, <strong>and</strong> flavors in <strong>food</strong> <strong>and</strong> drink.<br />
Gastronomic satisfaction. Pleasure in a dining <strong>experience</strong>,<br />
increased through synergistic matches of <strong>food</strong> <strong>and</strong> drink.<br />
Geoduck clam. A large clam from the Northwest; also<br />
called elephant trunk clam by the Chinese. Each clam usually<br />
weighs between 3 <strong>and</strong> 5 lbs.<br />
Good match. A <strong>wine</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>food</strong> pair that match in terms of<br />
the <strong>food</strong> item’s basic components (sweet, sour, bitter, salty)<br />
<strong>and</strong> in terms of the overall body of both.<br />
H<br />
Hard cheeses. Often referred to as ‘‘grating cheeses,’’ these<br />
cheeses owe their flavor to extended periods of aging. The<br />
moisture content in these cheeses is around 30 percent. Examples<br />
include Parmigiano Reggiano, Asiago, <strong>and</strong> Romano.<br />
Heat summation units. A method of classifying vineyard<br />
regions, calculated on the basis of the total number of days<br />
when the average temperature is greater than 50F (10C).<br />
Horizontal <strong>pairing</strong>. The simplest type of <strong>wine</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>food</strong><br />
<strong>pairing</strong>, involving <strong>pairing</strong> one <strong>wine</strong> with a particular <strong>food</strong><br />
dish.<br />
I<br />
Ice <strong>wine</strong>. A <strong>wine</strong> in which grapes are left long after harvest<br />
to freeze on the vines. Once frozen solid, the grapes are