Between the devil and the deep blue sea - University of Canterbury

- 23-
of his contemporaries attempted to address the issues he missed, at least not in great detail.
Their scholarship during the 1950s and 1960s dealt with similar subject matter as Smit, but
it tended not to extend beyond the odd article. 79
Smit did manage, however, to attain some recognition for the war. It was during
the 1970s, following the publication of Nederland in de Eerste Wereldoorlog, that the Great
War received mention in several overview histories, including Gerald Newton's The
Netherlands: an Historical and Cultural Survey, and a good chapter by W. von der Dunk in
Algemene Geschiedenis der Nederlanden (General History of the Netherlands).8o Another
significant achievement during this decade was R. L. Schuursma's eleven volumes
surveying the European war, including several chapters on the Netherlands and neutrality.8l
Studies of the war as a topic integral to Dutch history were not as forthcoming.
In the last 20 years there has been a revival of sorts in the writing of the history of
the Dutch nation in the war. Of note are the book and articles by Marc Frey on trade
relations,82 H. A. R. Smidt's works on the export industry,83 Hubert van Tuyll van
HistOlJ' Review. 19, 3, August 1997, pp. 541 - 562; Marc Frey, Der Erste Weltlo'ieg und die Niederlande. Ein
neutrales Land im politischen und militarischen Kalkiil del' Kriegsgegner. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1998; Marc
Frey, "Die Niederlande als transatlantischer Vermittler, 1914 - 1920" in Ragnhild Fiebig-von Hase, Jurgen Heideking
(eds.), Zwei Wege in die Moderne: Aspekte del' deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen 1900 - 1918. (Mosaic Studien
und Texte zur amerikanischen Kultur und Geschichte Band 2) Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, 1998, pp. 177 - 197;
Marc Frey, "Kriegsziele, Politik und Wirtschaft. Deutschland und die Niederlande im Ersten Weltkrieg" Jahrbuch -
Zentrul1lfiir Niederlande-Studien. 9, 1998, pp. 175 - 193; Marc Frey, "Bullying the Neutrals: The Case of the
Netherlands" in Roger Chickering, Stig Forster (eds.), Great War, Total War. Combat alld Mobilization on the
Western Front, 1914 - 1918. Cambridge and Washington D.C.: German Historical Institute and Cambridge
University Press, 2000, pp. 227 - 244.
79 C. T. de Jong, "De Nederlandse neutraliteit tijdens de eerste Wereldoorlog" [Dutch neutrality during the First
World War] Tijdschrift Vaal' Geschiedenis. 65, 1952, pp. 257 - 271; J. Woltring, "Brandstof voor belligerenten. Het
Nederlands standpunt in vier bewogenjaren." [Fuel for belligerents. The Dutch point of view in four troubled years]
Tijdschrift vaal' Gesclziedenis. 69, 1956, pp. 67 - 86; Th. Oostendorp, "Duitsland en de N ederlandse neutraliteit 1914
- 1918" [Germany and Dutch neutrality 1914 - 1918] Militaire Spectator. l34, 1965, pp. 229 - 233; Y. W. P. Werff,
"Nederlands neutraliteit in juli 1914" [Dutch neutrality in July 1914] Tijdschr(fi Vaal' Geschiedenis. 80, no. 3, 1967,
pp. 379 - 38l. Excepting: Amry Vandenbosch, Dutch Foreign Policy Since 1815. A study in small power politics.
The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1959.
80 Gerald Newton, The Netherlands: an Historical and Cultural Survey, 1795 -1977. (Nations of the Modern World)
London: Ernest Benn, 1978; H. W. von der Dunk, "Nederland ten tijde van de eerste wereldoorlog" [The Netherlands
at the time of the First World War] in D. P. Blok et. al. (eds.), AIgel71ene Geschiedenis del' Nederlanden. Nederland
en Be/gil! 1914 -1940. Nieuwste Tijd. [General History of the Netherlands. The Netherlands and Belgium 1914-
1940. Recent history] Volume 14. Haarlem: Fibula-Van Dishoeck, 1979, pp. 40 - 52; E. H. Kossmann, The Low
Countries 1780 -1940. (Oxford History of Modern Europe) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978.
81 R. L. Schuursma (ed.), 14 - 18 De Eerste Wereldoorlog. [14 - 18 The First World War] 11 volumes. Amsterdam:
Amsterdam B oek, 1975 - 76.
82 See: fn 78 above.
83 Harm Anthon Smidt, "De Regulering van de Nederlandse Uitvoer naar Duitsland tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog"
[The regulation of Dutch exports to Germany during the First World War] Doctoraalscriptie, Rijksuniversiteit
Groningen, 1990; H. A. R. Smidt, "De regulering van de NederlandseexpOli van landbouwprodukten naar Duitsland