Between the devil and the deep blue sea - University of Canterbury

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ARTICLE Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 5 Article 7 REGULATION - Appendix 8 OVERVIEW OF THE OORLOGSWET (WAR LAW) 1899 1 • Any area of the Netherlands can be declared in a staat van oorlog (state of war) or staat van beleg (state of siege) when the country is in danger of war, or internal disorder threatens the internal or external security of the country. • If, through war or internal disorder, parts of the country are separated from central government, the highest military authority in the cut-off area can declare a "state of siege". • Government is responsible for declaring and removing the "state of war" and "siege" by Royal Decree (Koninklijk Beslllit), except in the case of article 2. • Except during a foreign invasion, parliament determines whether to allow the continuation of the "state of war" or "siege". • The cabinet or Minister of War appoints military commanders to exercise military authority in the "state of war" or "siege". In the Staat vall OO/'log (State of War): Article 9 Article 10 Article 11 Article 12 Article 13 Article 15 • Councils and staff who work in the service of provinces, municipalities, waterschappen (district water boards), veenschappen (district peat boards) and veenpolders (peat polders) must provide information requested ofthem by the military authority. • After consultation with civil authorities [in article 9], the military authority can issue new police regulations and regulations regarding peat and water boards. • After consultation with civil authorities, the military authority can issue regulations for the upkeep of residents and troops. • The military authority can, without prior approval from the owner, enter any private establishment, as long as a written mandate is shown to the owner. A report must be filed for all searches of private property. • After consultation with civil authorities, the military authority can force civilians to help prepare defences. • The military authority can suspend particular regulations of the Arbeidswet (W ork Law), Veiligheidswet (Safety Law) and Hindenvet (Nuisance Law). • After consultation with civil authorities, the military authority can regulate the police and fire service, and can appoint secret police to monitor suspicious activities. • The military authority can remove objects or buildings that hinder proper military defence. 1 Staatsblad. no. 128,23 May 1899.
ARTICLE Article 16 Article 18 REGULATION - 460- OVERVIEW OF THE OORLOGSWET(WAR LAW) 1899 1 • The military can occupy any building, and requisition any goods necessary for defence. • The military can forbid the publication (or dissemination in other ways) of reports regarding military matters. In the Staat vall Beleg (State of Siege): Article 19 Article 21 Article 22 Article 23 Article 25 Article 28 Article 29 Article 30 Article 31 Article 32 Article 33 Article 34 Article 35 Article 36 Article 37 Article 38 Article 40 • Articles 9 to 18 also apply, except if stated differently below. • The civilian authorities [in article 9] must obey the orders of the military authority. • The military authority can establish new police regulations and regulations for water and peat boards. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The military authority can regulate movements into and out of the "state of siege" area. Except for religious congregation, no meetings, gatherings or marches (in public or private) may be held without written approval of the military authority. The military authority can, in the interest of public safety, close theatres, societies, cafes, bars and other rooms used for entertainment, as well as factories and work places. The military authority can regulate the ownership and use of weapons by civilians. The military authority can regulate the malmer in which corpses are buried. The military authority can determine how births and deaths are registered. In "state of siege" areas with no access to central government, wills can be approved by a civil servant or military officer above the rank of lieutenant. The military authority can remove any persons from the "state of siege" area who endanger public order and safety, or, if removal is not practical, imprison them. The military authority can refuse entry for civilians to any defensive or military area. The military authority can forbid any person from leaving the "state of siege" area, whose skills are useful for defence, likewise it can forbid the removal of any animals or goods. In the interest of defence, the military authority can force any non-military persons to join the armed forces and help prepare defences. The military authority can limit or prevent completely the publication and circulation of any written or printed materials. The military authority can exercise censorship on post and telegraph communications. The military authority can set up temporary krijgsraden (war courts). In wartime, civilians can be sentenced by the war court.
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BETWEEN THE DEVIL AND THE DEEP BLUE
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Orange Dots in the Sky Conclusion 3
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- iv- CONCLUSION: CAUGHT BETWEEN TH
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Illustration 9: The electric fence
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- Note on Citations - Where possibl
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- Acl
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- xii- offering accommodation, comp
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- 2 - The years 1914 to 1918 illust
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- 4- and 1919. As we shall see, dur
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- 8 - Another favourite theme for p
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- 12 - MEMORIALISING THE GREAT WAR,
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- 14 - socialised activity".43 Afte
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- 18 - The commemorative behaviour
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- 20- consciousness, and that even
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- 23- of his contemporaries attempt
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- 27 - from flawless in detail and
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- 33 - The inability to keep up wit
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- 37- during a general war involvin
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- 43 - goods went ahead unhindered.
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- 45- territorial advantage to an a
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- 47- BELGIUM Map 3: The Netherland
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- 49- When Gennany invaded Belgium
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- 51 - Kaiser's annies captured the
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- 53- To this end, the Dutch placed
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- 55 - CONCLUSION In August 1914, t
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- 58 - invaders. The inundations we
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- GO- from paying others to do thei
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- 62- understanding that nations wa
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- 64 - H. P. Staal (1905 to 1907),
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- 66- highlights how High Command f
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- 68- all men aged between 20 and 4
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- 70- the age of 25 who had not yet
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- 72 - hours military training a we
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- 74- Illustration 4: General C. J.
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- 76 - and van Terwisga were import
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- 78- naval troops (including its l
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- 81 - Map 7: The ajivachtingsopste
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FORTIFICATION New Holland Waterline
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PROVINCES - 85 - peripheral areas.
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- 87 - had access to ten howitzers
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- 89- the military units in being i
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- 91 - the international debate sUl
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- 93- four had arrived so far from
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- 95- established part of its milit
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Chapter 3 - Api Api: The Mobilisati
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- 99- Schlieffen Plan. By this day,
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- 101 - fact that the Netherlands d
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- 103 - landweer of the conscript i
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- 105 - foreign naval ships attempt
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- 107- heightened tension and possi
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- 109 - declarations. They gathered
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- 111 - about the war. He explained
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- 113- Reserve Banle to lower its s
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- 115 - Most troops were able to tr
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- 117- cartridges; however, only 80
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- 119 - Many of the supply problems
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- 121 - negligible number. The spee
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- 123 - Another requisition was org
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- 125 - removed families from their
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- 127 - countries had relatively eq
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- Chapter 4 - Calm Amidst the Ragin
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- 131 - Once the war did not end by
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- 133 - Map 9: Position of the Fiel
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- 135 - Like the Army, the Navy als
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- 137 - I do not have to re-emphasi
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- 139 - the will of the entire cabi
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- 141 - by Helmuth von Moltke's vol
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- 143 - German equivalents on the o
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- 145 - with the Gennan Krupps manu
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- 147- military preparations. At an
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- 149 - denying the event, although
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- 151 - Camite Internatianale des S
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- 153 - Germany.89 As of 5 August,
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- 155 - over both sides of the wate
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- 157 - could not be used in an off
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- 159 - bombs causing damage to a f
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- 161 - could not ensure Queen Wilh
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- 163 - Netherlands would do its ut
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- 165 - internment, along the south
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- 167 - certain problems. During th
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- 169 - front. In fact, a number of
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- 171 - many of the wounded back wi
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- 174 - Eventually, out of chaos ca
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- 176 - and complained of profiteer
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- 178- Dutch agreed to let intemees
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- 180 - for their men. 93 At times
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- 182 - The POW agreement in 1917 a
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- 184 - for them in Bergen. 121 The
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- 186- during the war,135 enabling
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- 188 - exodus described by one his
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- 190 - responsibility was almost e
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- 192 - burning villages to the gro
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- 194 - mid-1918, Belgians sought e
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- 196 - course of planning, Snijder
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- Chapter 6 - Territorial Neutralit
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- 200- corresponding pressure on th
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- 202- the contraband list well bey
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- 204 - Allied demands with much gr
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- 208- obtained theirs straight fro
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- 210 - guaranteeing that the goods
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- ZIZ - the Belgian town of Zeebrug
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- 214 - Tubantia by a Gelman torped
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- 216 - fishing vessels. A total of
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- 218- even removed all custom duti
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-zzo- minimum. What was even more w
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- 222- ports. 140 In the words of o
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- 224- delayed. 154 It was not unti
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- ZZ6- pennitted. In August 1917, t
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- ZZ8 - southern border and that, i
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- 230- and it elicited considerable
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- 232 - obtain valuable aid from th
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- 234- of spies; from hunting restr
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- 236 - would be responsible for mi
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- 238- equipment to cut down trees.
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- 240- legal requirements. As the m
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- 242 - September 1914, in 1915, sm
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- 244 - replacement workers. Cabine
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- 246- the inherent contradictions
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- 248 - municipal councils, mayors
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- 250- civilian authorities. They h
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- 252 - 1914 to enhance the Netherl
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- 254- and that he must make his su
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- 256- powers to the armed forces.
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- Chapter 8 - Ash-Grey with Neutral
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- 260- 1915, border guards arrested
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- 262 - because they were contraban
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- ZG4- supplies?7 An exception was
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1914 1915 1916 1917 - 266- The smug
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- 268- Despite these harsher rules,
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- 270- threatened that if the Dutch
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- 274 - In reality, preventing inte
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- 276- resistance of the population
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- 279 - volts. 134 Most definitely,
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- 281 - the deadly wires: hardly an
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- 283 - soil instead. 162 For the m
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- 287 - form. 189 The prints were r
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- 289- fact, commanders rarely used
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- 291 - LINES OF COMMUNICATION The
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- 293- requirement that a neutral n
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- 295 - sanctioned a meeting, he of
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- 297- siege" was, in fact, an extr
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- 299- the anned forces, their equi
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- 301 - owned 1,101, including outd
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- 303 - meet the needs of new consc
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- 305 - fortifications, wartime fun
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- 307 - fighting force including te
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- 309- He realised all too well, th
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- 311 - Nevertheless, it felt compe
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- 313 - clear signs that the econom
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- 315 - supplies. In other areas, c
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- 317 - Coal was drastically ration
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- 319 - (made from seaweed and muss
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- 321 - bars at a time, and that su
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- 323 - cities. 159 Given that 1918
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- 325 - uniforms quickly disappeare
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- 327- means of harnessing these fe
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196 Ibid. - 329- number of soldiers
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- 331 - The billeting of soldiers a
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- 333- months earlier when he procl
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- 336- smuggling, became more compr
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- 338 - were too young, inexperienc
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- 341 - CONSCRIPTION AND RECRUITMEN
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- 343 - changed considerably since
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- 345- June and July 1915, that the
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- 347- July 1916, much to the disgu
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- 349- LEAVE FOR ONE AND ALL Althou
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- 351 - Furthennore, successive Min
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- 353 - 30 per cent (at least) of o
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- 355 - it proclaimed, without goin
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- 357 - was there any need to keep
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- 359 - The demobilisation lobby, w
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- 361 - compromise the safety of ce
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- 363 - sites (in case the internee
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- 365 - rest were all on indefinite
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- 368 - between the Commander-in-Ch
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- 370- spreading, in the last month
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- 372 - The mayor of Amsterdam was
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- 374 - quelled through a mix of mi
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- 376- 1919) for a month (from July
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- 378- then it was more likely that
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- 380 - down their alms and refuse
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- 382- to entice soldiers into extr
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- 384 - carriages, causing urn-est
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- 386- the riots. 90 The commission
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- 388- in the newspapers only made
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- 390- associates.!07 It was not th
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- 392 - the two was defined by thei
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- 394- The different meanings make
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- 396 - done so. Nevertheless, in t
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- 398 - saluting was either promote
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- Chapter 12 - Not a Day Too Late:
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- 402 - called any day. 8 Both men
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- 404- in disarray. IS The potentia
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- 406 - above involved revolutionar
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Page 425 and 426: - 414 - Snij del" s report of 29 Ma
Page 427 and 428: - 416 - powerful and long-lasting d
Page 429 and 430: - 418 - confidence in the Commander
Page 431 and 432: - 420- belligerent powers signed th
Page 433 and 434: - 422- complete innocence afterward
Page 435 and 436: - 424 - several occasions between N
Page 437 and 438: - 4ZG- government. 104 It was Brita
Page 439 and 440: - 428- landstorm on a voluntary bas
Page 441 and 442: - 430- DEMOBILISATION The attempted
Page 443 and 444: - 432 - (demobilisatieparken).134 H
Page 445 and 446: - 434 - Illustration 17: German sol
Page 447 and 448: - 436- In the aftermath of the Limb
Page 449 and 450: - 438 - that the threat of war had
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Page 453 and 454: - 442 - and sovereignty. After Apri
Page 455 and 456: - 444 - To ensure the cherished pea
Page 457 and 458: - 446 - In a similar vein, the cond
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Page 461 and 462: DUTCH Generaal Lieutenant -Generaal
Page 463 and 464: ORGANISATION Headqualiers Four Divi
Page 465 and 466: DATE Ju130 Ju131 Aug 1 Aug 2 Aug 3
Page 467: Article 18 - 456- OVERVIEW OF THE N
Page 472 and 473: - Appendix 9 STATE OF WAR AND SIEGE
Page 474 and 475: - Appendix 10 - MOBILISATION AND LE
Page 476 and 477: - 465- MOBILISATION AND LEAVE FOR M
Page 478: - 467- ARA, "Geheim en Kabinetsarch
Page 481 and 482: - 470- Militair-Rechtelijk Tijdschr
Page 483 and 484: - 472- Grinnell-Milne, Duncan An Es
Page 485: - 474- Smit, C. (ed.) Bescheiden be
Page 489 and 490: - 478- Bauwens, A. R., Devroe, C.,
Page 491 and 492: - 480- Centre de recherche de I'His
Page 493 and 494: Fridenson, Patrick (ed.) The French
Page 495 and 496: - 484- Horst, Han van der The low s
Page 497 and 498: - 486- Lambert, Audrey M. The Makin
Page 499 and 500: - 488- Peet, Anselm J. van der Bela
Page 501 and 502: - 490- Stoelinga, Thomas Herman Joz
Page 503 and 504: - 492 - Wels, Cornelis Boudewijn Al
Page 505 and 506: - 494 - Bavel, D. T. A. van "Het tr
Page 507 and 508: - 496- Bosmans, J. "De kroon aan he
Page 509 and 510: - 498- Darian-Smith, Kate "Remember
Page 512 and 513: - 501 - Gregory, Adrian "Lost gener
Page 514 and 515: - 503- Horne, John "Introduction: m
Page 516 and 517: - 505- KIaauw, Bart van der "Unexpe
Page 518 and 519: - 507- Lith, Hans van "Albert Hahn:
Page 520 and 521:
- 509- Methorst, H. W. "The cost of
Page 522 and 523:
- 511 - Ridder van Rappard, L. R. J
Page 524 and 525:
- 513- Schulten, C. M. "The Netherl
Page 526 and 527:
- 515 - Snijders, C. J. "De Nederla
Page 529 and 530:
- 518- Verseput, J. "Gevolgen van d
Page 532 and 533:
- 521 - Winter, J. M. "Research Rep
Page 534:
- 523 - Pruntel, Hendrik Bereiken w
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