Between the devil and the deep blue sea - University of Canterbury

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- Appendix 9 STATE OF WAR AND SIEGE, 1914 - 1917 1 DATE STATE OF WAR STATE OF SIEGE 5 Aug 1914 • New Holland Waterline • Fortification of Den Helder • Fortifications on the Mouths of the Maas River and Haringvliet 10 Aug 1914 • North Brabant, Limburg, Zeeland and Gelderland (below the Waal River) 29 Aug 1914 • border municipalities in Zeeland, North Brabant and Limburg 8 Sep 1914 • municipalities along rivers and waterways in North Brabant, Gelderland, South Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Groningen and Limburg • Fortification of Den Helder 25 Sep 1914 • municipalities bordering Germany in Gelderland, Overijssel, Groningen, Drenthe, Limburg • municipalities in Friesland including the island of Schiermonnikoog 10 Nov 1914 • municipalities along the Eems River and the Friesian islands 19 Jan 1915 • municipalities containing internment camps • municipalities in North Brabant, Gelderland and South Holland 11 Feb 1915 • Fortification Hollandsch Diep and 't • Bergen (internment camp) 1 Staatsblad. no. 375, 5 August 1914; no. 406,10 August 1914; no. 435, 29 August 1914; no. 448,8 September 1914; no. 463,25 September 1914; no. 527,10 November 1914; no. 18, 19 January 1915; no. 81, 11 February 1915; no. 308, 8 July 1915; no. 375, 20 August 1915; no. 393,13 September 1915; no. 437, 23 October 1915; no. 473,16 November 1915; no. 487, 3 December 1915; no. 56,22 January 1916; no. 527, 13 December 1916; no. 228, 26 February 1917; no. 242, 22 March 1917; no. 448, 30 May 1917; General Headquarters, "Lijst van alle gemeenten der provincien, met aanduiding, welke gemeenten, of onderdeelen daarvan, in staat van oOl'log of in staat van beleg zijn verklaard en met vermelding van de gezagsgebieden, waartoe zij behooren, alsmede van de Koninklijke besluiten, waarbij het in staat van oOl'log of in staat van beleg verklaren plaats vond." 1 September 1917, in SMG/DC, "Handschrift nr: 39" 93/1.
DATE 8 Jul1915 20 Aug 1915 13 Sep 1915 23 Oct 1915 11 Nov 1915 16 Nov 1915 3 Dec 1915 22 Jan 1916 13 Dec 1916 26 Feb 1917 22 Mar 1917 30 May 1917 Volkerak - 462 - STATE OF WAR AND SIEGE, 1914 - 1917 1 STATE OF WAR STATE OF SIEGE • the province of Zeeland • municipalities in Gelderland, Groningen and Drenthe • port of Amsterdam • municipalities in North Brabant • municipalities in Drenthe • Delft Construction Works • Amsterdam harbour and waterways • municipalities in Gelderland, Overijssel, Groningen and Drenthe • municipalities in North Brabant, Gelderland and Overijssel • Amhem railway station • municipalities in Overijssel • all territorial waters • municipalities in Gelderland • Fort Nieuw Andries, Geertruidenberg and Crevecoeur • municipalities in North Brabant and Gelderland, • municipalities in Groningen and Drenthe
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BETWEEN THE DEVIL AND THE DEEP BLUE
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Orange Dots in the Sky Conclusion 3
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- iv- CONCLUSION: CAUGHT BETWEEN TH
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Illustration 9: The electric fence
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- Note on Citations - Where possibl
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- Acl
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- xii- offering accommodation, comp
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- 2 - The years 1914 to 1918 illust
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- 4- and 1919. As we shall see, dur
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- 6- their rhetoric, were also unde
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- 8 - Another favourite theme for p
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- 10- here. 25 As a result, the Dut
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- 12 - MEMORIALISING THE GREAT WAR,
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- 14 - socialised activity".43 Afte
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- 16 - Committee), the association
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- 18 - The commemorative behaviour
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- 20- consciousness, and that even
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- 23- of his contemporaries attempt
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- 27 - from flawless in detail and
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- 29 - the war experiences of the v
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- 31 - Chapter 4 introduces the int
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- 33 - The inability to keep up wit
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- 35 - for the proclaimed non-belli
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- 37- during a general war involvin
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- 39- there seemed to be every reas
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- 41 - The advantages of neutrality
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- 43 - goods went ahead unhindered.
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- 45- territorial advantage to an a
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- 47- BELGIUM Map 3: The Netherland
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- 49- When Gennany invaded Belgium
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- 51 - Kaiser's annies captured the
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- 53- To this end, the Dutch placed
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- 55 - CONCLUSION In August 1914, t
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- 58 - invaders. The inundations we
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- GO- from paying others to do thei
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- 62- understanding that nations wa
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- 64 - H. P. Staal (1905 to 1907),
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- 66- highlights how High Command f
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- 68- all men aged between 20 and 4
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- 70- the age of 25 who had not yet
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- 72 - hours military training a we
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- 74- Illustration 4: General C. J.
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- 76 - and van Terwisga were import
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- 78- naval troops (including its l
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- 81 - Map 7: The ajivachtingsopste
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FORTIFICATION New Holland Waterline
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PROVINCES - 85 - peripheral areas.
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- 87 - had access to ten howitzers
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- 89- the military units in being i
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- 91 - the international debate sUl
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- 93- four had arrived so far from
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- 95- established part of its milit
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Chapter 3 - Api Api: The Mobilisati
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- 99- Schlieffen Plan. By this day,
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- 101 - fact that the Netherlands d
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- 103 - landweer of the conscript i
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- 105 - foreign naval ships attempt
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- 107- heightened tension and possi
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- 109 - declarations. They gathered
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- 111 - about the war. He explained
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- 113- Reserve Banle to lower its s
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- 115 - Most troops were able to tr
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- 117- cartridges; however, only 80
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- 119 - Many of the supply problems
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- 121 - negligible number. The spee
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- 123 - Another requisition was org
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- 125 - removed families from their
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- 127 - countries had relatively eq
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- Chapter 4 - Calm Amidst the Ragin
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- 131 - Once the war did not end by
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- 133 - Map 9: Position of the Fiel
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- 135 - Like the Army, the Navy als
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- 137 - I do not have to re-emphasi
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- 139 - the will of the entire cabi
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- 141 - by Helmuth von Moltke's vol
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- 143 - German equivalents on the o
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- 145 - with the Gennan Krupps manu
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- 147- military preparations. At an
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- 149 - denying the event, although
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- 151 - Camite Internatianale des S
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- 153 - Germany.89 As of 5 August,
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- 155 - over both sides of the wate
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- 157 - could not be used in an off
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- 159 - bombs causing damage to a f
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- 161 - could not ensure Queen Wilh
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- 163 - Netherlands would do its ut
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- 165 - internment, along the south
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- 167 - certain problems. During th
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- 169 - front. In fact, a number of
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- 171 - many of the wounded back wi
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- 174 - Eventually, out of chaos ca
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- 176 - and complained of profiteer
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- 178- Dutch agreed to let intemees
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- 180 - for their men. 93 At times
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- 182 - The POW agreement in 1917 a
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- 184 - for them in Bergen. 121 The
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- 186- during the war,135 enabling
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- 188 - exodus described by one his
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- 190 - responsibility was almost e
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- 192 - burning villages to the gro
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- 194 - mid-1918, Belgians sought e
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- 196 - course of planning, Snijder
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- Chapter 6 - Territorial Neutralit
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- 200- corresponding pressure on th
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- 202- the contraband list well bey
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- 204 - Allied demands with much gr
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- Z06- did not keep to the arrangem
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- 208- obtained theirs straight fro
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- 210 - guaranteeing that the goods
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- ZIZ - the Belgian town of Zeebrug
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- 214 - Tubantia by a Gelman torped
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- 216 - fishing vessels. A total of
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- 218- even removed all custom duti
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-zzo- minimum. What was even more w
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- 222- ports. 140 In the words of o
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- 224- delayed. 154 It was not unti
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- ZZ6- pennitted. In August 1917, t
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- ZZ8 - southern border and that, i
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- 230- and it elicited considerable
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- 232 - obtain valuable aid from th
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- 234- of spies; from hunting restr
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- 236 - would be responsible for mi
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- 238- equipment to cut down trees.
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- 240- legal requirements. As the m
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- 242 - September 1914, in 1915, sm
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- 244 - replacement workers. Cabine
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- 246- the inherent contradictions
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- 248 - municipal councils, mayors
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- 250- civilian authorities. They h
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- 252 - 1914 to enhance the Netherl
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- 254- and that he must make his su
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- 256- powers to the armed forces.
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- Chapter 8 - Ash-Grey with Neutral
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- 260- 1915, border guards arrested
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- 262 - because they were contraban
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- ZG4- supplies?7 An exception was
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1914 1915 1916 1917 - 266- The smug
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- 268- Despite these harsher rules,
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- 270- threatened that if the Dutch
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- 274 - In reality, preventing inte
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- 276- resistance of the population
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- 279 - volts. 134 Most definitely,
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- 281 - the deadly wires: hardly an
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- 283 - soil instead. 162 For the m
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- 287 - form. 189 The prints were r
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- 289- fact, commanders rarely used
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- 291 - LINES OF COMMUNICATION The
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- 293- requirement that a neutral n
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- 295 - sanctioned a meeting, he of
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- 297- siege" was, in fact, an extr
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- 299- the anned forces, their equi
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- 301 - owned 1,101, including outd
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- 303 - meet the needs of new consc
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- 305 - fortifications, wartime fun
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- 307 - fighting force including te
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- 309- He realised all too well, th
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- 311 - Nevertheless, it felt compe
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- 313 - clear signs that the econom
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- 315 - supplies. In other areas, c
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- 317 - Coal was drastically ration
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- 319 - (made from seaweed and muss
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- 321 - bars at a time, and that su
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- 323 - cities. 159 Given that 1918
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- 325 - uniforms quickly disappeare
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- 327- means of harnessing these fe
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196 Ibid. - 329- number of soldiers
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- 331 - The billeting of soldiers a
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- 333- months earlier when he procl
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- 336- smuggling, became more compr
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- 338 - were too young, inexperienc
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- 341 - CONSCRIPTION AND RECRUITMEN
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- 343 - changed considerably since
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- 345- June and July 1915, that the
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- 347- July 1916, much to the disgu
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- 349- LEAVE FOR ONE AND ALL Althou
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- 351 - Furthennore, successive Min
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- 353 - 30 per cent (at least) of o
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- 355 - it proclaimed, without goin
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- 357 - was there any need to keep
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- 359 - The demobilisation lobby, w
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- 361 - compromise the safety of ce
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- 363 - sites (in case the internee
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- 365 - rest were all on indefinite
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- 368 - between the Commander-in-Ch
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- 370- spreading, in the last month
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- 372 - The mayor of Amsterdam was
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- 374 - quelled through a mix of mi
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- 376- 1919) for a month (from July
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- 378- then it was more likely that
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- 380 - down their alms and refuse
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- 382- to entice soldiers into extr
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- 384 - carriages, causing urn-est
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- 386- the riots. 90 The commission
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- 388- in the newspapers only made
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- 390- associates.!07 It was not th
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- 392 - the two was defined by thei
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- 394- The different meanings make
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- 396 - done so. Nevertheless, in t
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- 398 - saluting was either promote
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- Chapter 12 - Not a Day Too Late:
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- 402 - called any day. 8 Both men
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- 404- in disarray. IS The potentia
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- 406 - above involved revolutionar
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- 408- the cabinet and Snijders. Th
Page 421 and 422: - 410- The Harskamp mutiny started
Page 423 and 424: - 412 - defeatist, and feared that
Page 425 and 426: - 414 - Snij del" s report of 29 Ma
Page 427 and 428: - 416 - powerful and long-lasting d
Page 429 and 430: - 418 - confidence in the Commander
Page 431 and 432: - 420- belligerent powers signed th
Page 433 and 434: - 422- complete innocence afterward
Page 435 and 436: - 424 - several occasions between N
Page 437 and 438: - 4ZG- government. 104 It was Brita
Page 439 and 440: - 428- landstorm on a voluntary bas
Page 441 and 442: - 430- DEMOBILISATION The attempted
Page 443 and 444: - 432 - (demobilisatieparken).134 H
Page 445 and 446: - 434 - Illustration 17: German sol
Page 447 and 448: - 436- In the aftermath of the Limb
Page 449 and 450: - 438 - that the threat of war had
Page 451 and 452: - 440 - survive through future stor
Page 453 and 454: - 442 - and sovereignty. After Apri
Page 455 and 456: - 444 - To ensure the cherished pea
Page 457 and 458: - 446 - In a similar vein, the cond
Page 459 and 460: - 448- war, militmy authority would
Page 461 and 462: DUTCH Generaal Lieutenant -Generaal
Page 463 and 464: ORGANISATION Headqualiers Four Divi
Page 465 and 466: DATE Ju130 Ju131 Aug 1 Aug 2 Aug 3
Page 467: Article 18 - 456- OVERVIEW OF THE N
Page 470 and 471: ARTICLE Article 1 Article 2 Article
Page 474 and 475: - Appendix 10 - MOBILISATION AND LE
Page 476 and 477: - 465- MOBILISATION AND LEAVE FOR M
Page 478: - 467- ARA, "Geheim en Kabinetsarch
Page 481 and 482: - 470- Militair-Rechtelijk Tijdschr
Page 483 and 484: - 472- Grinnell-Milne, Duncan An Es
Page 485: - 474- Smit, C. (ed.) Bescheiden be
Page 489 and 490: - 478- Bauwens, A. R., Devroe, C.,
Page 491 and 492: - 480- Centre de recherche de I'His
Page 493 and 494: Fridenson, Patrick (ed.) The French
Page 495 and 496: - 484- Horst, Han van der The low s
Page 497 and 498: - 486- Lambert, Audrey M. The Makin
Page 499 and 500: - 488- Peet, Anselm J. van der Bela
Page 501 and 502: - 490- Stoelinga, Thomas Herman Joz
Page 503 and 504: - 492 - Wels, Cornelis Boudewijn Al
Page 505 and 506: - 494 - Bavel, D. T. A. van "Het tr
Page 507 and 508: - 496- Bosmans, J. "De kroon aan he
Page 509 and 510: - 498- Darian-Smith, Kate "Remember
Page 512 and 513: - 501 - Gregory, Adrian "Lost gener
Page 514 and 515: - 503- Horne, John "Introduction: m
Page 516 and 517: - 505- KIaauw, Bart van der "Unexpe
Page 518 and 519: - 507- Lith, Hans van "Albert Hahn:
Page 520 and 521: - 509- Methorst, H. W. "The cost of
Page 522 and 523:
- 511 - Ridder van Rappard, L. R. J
Page 524 and 525:
- 513- Schulten, C. M. "The Netherl
Page 526 and 527:
- 515 - Snijders, C. J. "De Nederla
Page 529 and 530:
- 518- Verseput, J. "Gevolgen van d
Page 532 and 533:
- 521 - Winter, J. M. "Research Rep
Page 534:
- 523 - Pruntel, Hendrik Bereiken w
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