methylacetopyronone, 24 methylcellulose, 700 methylcellulose (MEC), 704, 706, 707, 708, 709, 714, 716, 722 methylcobalamin, 630 microbial chymosin, 438 microbial rennet, 438 microcrystalline cellulose, 718–19 milk acid, 34, 480 milk proteins, 700 mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, 358 molten adipic acid, 8 monascine, 270 monascorubine, 270 monascorubramine, 270 monascus, 270–73 monellin, 956 monglyceride citrate, 859 mono- and di- glycerides of fatty acids – saturated, 344–6 mono- and di- glycerides of fatty acids – unsaturated, 348–9 mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid, 354 mono- and diglycerides, 364, 367, 368, 892–3 mono-, di-, tri-potassium citrate, 16, 20, 22, 114 mono-, di-, tri-sodium citrate, 16, 22, 114 monoammonium glycyrrhizin, 932 monocalcium orthophosphate, 544, 550, 556 monocarboxylic acid, 2 Mono-Di, 344 monoglyceride citrate, 16, 20, 22, 352, 840 monoglycerides, 374, 376 monopotassium tartrate, 546–7, 551 monosodium ascorbate, 82 monosodium glutamate, 480, 494, 496–8, 518, 529 mono-t-butyl hydroquinone, 100 MT-AP, 80 N,N¢-1,2-ethanediylbis[N- (carboxymethyl)glycine], 116 N-acetylglucosamine, 910 NADH, 418 Naringinase (Penicillium spp.), 440 natural green 3, 208, 216 natural green 5, 212, 220 natural spice extract, 108 natural tocopherol, 574, 576, 594–5 natural yellow 26, 106, 596 n-caprylic acid, 12 Neo-Cebitat ® , 76 neo-fat 8, 12 niacin, 580, 602 niacinamide, 580, 602–603 nicotinamide, 602 nicotinamide-ascorbic complex, 606, 646 nicotinic acid, 580–81, 602 Nipa ® 49, 96 Nipagallin ® P, 96 Nipantiox ® , 86 Nisaplin ® , 794 nisin, 734, 737, 741, 745, 794–5 nitric acid, 464 nitrite, 804 nitrogen monoxide or dinitrogen monoxide, 564 nitrogen or nitrogen gas, 570–71 nitrous acid, 798, 800 nitrous oxide, 564 n-octoic acid, 12 n-octyl alcohol, 887, 891 n-octylic acid, 12 nondairy products, 303, 304, 364 non-ionic surfactants, 734, 742, 745 non-nutritive sweetener, 526, 902 norbixin, 138 n-propyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, 96 NSC-2752, 28 nucleotides, 773, 775, 777, 779, 781, 782, 784 NutraSweet, 914 nutrient, 106 nutritive <strong>additives</strong>, 16, 28, 34, 44, 574, 576, 578, 580, 582, 581, 586, 588, 592, 596, 598, 602, 604, 606, 610, 612, 614, 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 626, 630, 632, 634, 636, 638, 640, 642, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 656, 914, 932, 938, 940, 944, 950, 956, 958, 1000 octanoic acid, 12 octanol, 894 octic acid, 12 octyl alcohol, 894–5 octyl gallate, 96, 97 oleovitamin D2, 626, 632 oleum, 464 orange, 123 orange 5, 596 orange 7, 236 orange yellow S, 296 orthophosphate, 622, 624, 634, 842, 844, 850 orthophosphoric acid, 44, 858 oxidation, 610, 612, 614, 646, 646 oxides, 464 oxidising agent, 147, 164, 238, 420, 442, 448, 480, 510, 567 oxygen, 773, 775, 777, 779, 781, 782, 784 oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, 426 oxystearin, 856 ozon, 566 ozone, 566–7 packaging gas, 560, 562, 564, 566, 568, 570 palatinose, 938 palmitory-L-ascorbic acid, 80 pancreatin, 745 pantothenic acid, 592, 600 papain, 442–3 papayotin, 442 paprika oleoresin, 332 paprika;paprika extract/powder, 94, 139, 147, 193, 201, 205, 297, 321, 329, 332–5 parabens, 760, 762, 764, 768 paralactic acid, 888 patent blue V, 151, 249, 253, 278–80 pectin, 665, 667, 670, 690, 720–21, 725, 959, 994 pectin sugar, 912 pectinase, 444 pectinate, 720 pectinic acid/pectic acid, 720 PEG 20 mono- and diglycerides, 364 pelartionidin (3,5,7-trimydroxy-2-(4hydroxypmenyl)-1benzopyrilium chloride), 142, 145 penicillin amidase, 446 penicillin amidohydrolase, 446 pentahydrate, 472 pentosanase, 548 peonidin (3,4¢,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3¢methdxyflavylium chloride), 142, 145 pepsin (porcine mucosa), 448–9 pepsinum, 448 peroxidase, 450 peroxides, 147, 164, 238 pet foods, 256, 258, 262, 600, 698, 702, 712 petunidin (3,3¢,4¢,5,7-pentamydroxy- 5¢-methdxyflavylium chloride), 142, 145 PG, propyl gallate, 87, 91, 96, 113, 116 PGA, 722 PGE, 368 PGMS/PGME, 372 PGPR, 370 pH control agent, 2, 8, 12, 16, 24, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 40, 44, 56, 62, 66, 70, 119, 480, 489, 508, 510, 512, 530, 532, 568, 642, 644, 847 pharmaceutical, 472, 488, 512 phenyketonurics, 919 phenylalanine, 919 phenyl-alpha-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonato benzyl imino)cyclohexa-2,5dienylidene)toluene-2solfonate, 150 phenylbenzenes, 786 phenylcarbinol, 870 phenylformic acid, 748 phenylmenthyl alcohol, 870 phenylphenol, 788, 790 phosphates, 464, 542, 544, 546, 550, 555, 622, 624, 625, 636, 829, 835, 836, 842, 853, 858 phosphatidylcholine, 366 phosphoric acid, 44, 52, 87, 512, 831, 840, 850, 858–9, 983 phylloquinone, 598 phytodione, 598 phytonadione, 598 pickling agent, 889 picolinic acid, 580 polydextrose, 688, 694, 718 polygalacturonic acid, 720 polyglycerol esters, 368, 370 polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, 368–9 polyglycerol polyricinoleate, 370–71 polyglyceryl esters of fatty acids, 368 polymannuronate, 670 polymannuronic acid, 664 polyols, 939, 941 polyoxyethylene monoglycerides, 364 polyphenolics, 458 polyphosphate, 734, 737, 741, 745, 852 polysaccharide, 660, 662, 664, 666, 668, 670, 672, 676, 680, 684, Index 1013
Index 1014 688, 690, 692, 694, 696, 698, 700, 702, 704, 706, 708, 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, 722, 724, 726, 728, 769 polysorbates, 367, 368, 380–81 polyvalent ions, 721 pomalus acid or pomalous acid, 40, 488 ponceau 4R, 123, 127, 135, 144, 164, 185, 189, 197, 233, 259, 282–4, 309 ponceau SX, 290–92 potassium, 685, 673, 677, 697 potassium acetate, 2, 4, 5, 819 potassium acid tartrate, 70, 71, 72, 118 potassium alginate, 662, 664, 666, 670, 723, 724–5 potassium benzoate, 733, 737, 741, 745, 748, 756–9 potassium bitartrate, 70, 72, 118 potassium bromate, 355 potassium caprylate, 12, 13, 14 potassium chloride, 500–502, 530 potassium citrate, 830 potassium dihydrogen citrate, 860 potassium disulphite, 780 potassium fumarate, 28, 29, 30 potassium glutamate, 494–5 potassium glycerophosphate, 44, 48, 53 potassium lactate, 34,36 potassium metabisulphite, 772, 774, 776, 778, 780–81, 782, 784 potassium nitrate, 804–805 potassium nitrite, 798–9, 800 potassium phosphate, 48, 53 potassium phosphate, dibasic, 44, 842–3, 844–5 potassium phosphate, monobasic, 44 potassium polymannuronate, 724 potassium propionate, 56, 58, 59, 733, 737, 741, 745, 812 potassium pyrophosphate, 44, 48, 53 potassium salt, 126, 134, 150, 154, 158, 196, 232, 240, 248, 252, 274, 278, 282, 286, 290, 296, 300, 308, 740 potassium sodium tartrate, 846–7 potassium sorbate, 733, 740–42, 745 potassium tripolyphosphate, 44, 48, 53 preservatives, 2, 8, 12, 16, 24, 28, 32, 34, 40, 44, 56, 62, 66, 70, 480, 568, 606 preserves, 760, 764, 766, 768, 770, 830 Pristene ® , 80, 104, 108, 112 processing aid, 486, 504, 524, 566, 568, 570, 642, 644, 648, 668, 688, 700, 718, 894 Progallin ® P, 96 propane-1,2-diolesters of fatty acids, 372 propanediol, 722 propanetricarboxylic acid, 822 propanetriol, 882 propanetriol triacetate, 898 propanoic acid, 56, 530, 806, 808, 810 propanol, 886, 891 propenylacrylic acid, 732, 736, 740 propionic acid, 56, 57, 59, 734, 737, 741, 745, 806–807 propyl gallate (PG), 87, 91, 96, 113, 116, 829 propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 764–5 propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt, 766 propylene glycol, 873, 883, 896 propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, 372–3 propylene glycol monostearate & palmitate, 351 propyleneglycol alginate, 722–3 protein, 706, 708, 714, 716, 721, 722, 769 protium, 562 provitamin A, 106, 596 prozoin, 56 pseudoacetic acid, 56 pteroylglutamic acid, 640 pullulanase, 452 pyridinecarboxamide, 602 pyridoxine, 578,582 pyridoxine hydrochloride, 582–3 pyrodextrin, 668 pyroligneus acid, 464 pyrophosphates, 829, 835, 836 pyrosulphite, 780 quinoline yellow, 286 red 1, 290 red 10, 308 red 101, 102, 258 red 14, 232 red 2G, 127, 135, 144, 189, 197, 233, 283, 308–10 red 7, 282 red algae, 468, 470 red iron oxide, 258–60 red, natural 2, 270 reduced elemental iron, 648–9 reducing agents, 76, 420, 436, 442, 448, 606, 631, 640 release agent, 874, 892 rennet, 454–5 rennin, 454 retinal, 652 retinol, 650, 652–3, 654 retinyl acetate, 650–51, 652, 654 retinyl palmitate, 650, 652, 654–5 riboflavin, 193, 229, 287, 301, 336–8, 341, 584–5, 586 riboflavin, phosphate ester, 340 riboflavin, sodium salt, 340 riboflavin-5¢-phosphate, 337, 340–42 riboflavin-5¢-phosphate sodium salt, 584, 586–7 ribonucleotide, 959 rosemary extract, 108 rubin, 266 rubropunctatamine, 270 rubrupunctatine, 270 saccharin, 473, 529, 905, 916, 926, 958–66, 989, 993 saccharose esters, 382 safflower,yellow, 205, 225, 229, 287, 301, 316–18 saffron extract, 224 salt substitutes, 492, 494, 518 sandal wood, saunderswood, 320 sanitizer, 45 santalin, 320–22 santoquine, 94 seasoning, 468 sequestrant, 76, 114, 118, 119, 512, 545, 544, 610, 818, 820, 822, 824, 826, 828, 830, 834, 836, 838, 840, 842, 844, 848, 820, 852, 854, 856, 858, 860 silver, 294–5 silver nitrate, 847 SMG, 360 snack foods, 90, 100, 104, 108, 110, 126, 158, 196, 240, 248, 270, 286, 296, 300, 320, 344, 354, 478, 544 sodium, 673, 677, 697 sodium 0-phenylphenate ®® , 790 sodium acetate, 2, 4, 5, 18, 819 sodium acid acetate, 62 sodium acid pyrophosphate, 44, 49, 53, 544, 545, 551, 555, 556, 858 sodium acid sulphite, 776 sodium alginate, 504–506, 662, 723, 725 sodium aluminium phosphate, 44, 49, 53, 546, 551, 556–7, 858 sodium ascorbate, 82, 76, 606, 610, 614, 646 sodium benzoate, 25, 30, 151, 733, 737, 741, 745, 748, 752–4 sodium bicarbonate, 253, 554 sodium bisulphite, 772, 774, 776–7, 778, 780, 782, 784 sodium caprylate, 12, 13, 14 sodium carbonate, 253 sodium chloride, 734, 737, 741, 745, 749, 753 sodium citrate, 20, 21, 830 sodium cyclamate, 924 sodium dehydroacetate, 24 sodium diacetate, 62, 819 sodium dihydrogen EDTA, 116 sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, 386 sodium erythorbate, 76 sodium fumarate, 28, 29, 30 sodium gluconate, 959 sodium glycinate, 516 sodium hexametaphosphate, 852 sodium hydrogen carbonate, 554–5 sodium hydrogen diacetate, 62 sodium hydroxide, 287, 297, 301 sodium lactate, 34, 36, 501, 532–3 sodium metabisulfite/sodium metabisulphite, 9, 552, 772, 774, 776, 778–9, 780, 782, 784 sodium metaphosphate, 44, 49, 53 sodium monohydrogen phosphate, 850 sodium nitrate, 802–803 sodium nitrite, 798, 800–801 sodium peroxide, 568 sodium phosphate, 50, 53, 842, 845, 850 sodium phosphate, mono-, di-, tribasic, 44 sodium polymannuronate, 504, 662 sodium polyphosphate, 44, 50, 852–3 sodium potassium bitartrate, 70, 72 sodium propionate, 56, 58, 59, 733, 737, 741, 745, 808–809 sodium pyrophosphate, 44, 50, 53 sodium pyrosulfite, 778 sodium saccharin, 958 sodium salt, 278
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Food Additives Data Book
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© 2003 by Blackwell Science Ltd, a
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Contents vi Part 3 Colourings 121 A
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Contents viii Dextranase (Penicilli
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Contents x Calcium lactate pentahyd
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Contents xii Calcium disodium ethyl
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Editors Jim Smith, PhD, MBA, FIFST
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Part 14—Sweeteners David K. MacKi
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Part 1 Acidulants
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VAPOUR PRESSURE AT VARIOUS -17.2 (1
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Acceptable daily intake for humans
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Acidulants 8 NAME: Adipic acid CATE
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Acidulants 10 Diisobutyl adipate ca
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Acidulants 12 NAME: Caprylic acid C
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Acidulants 14 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: L
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Acidulants 16 NAME: Citric acid CAT
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Acidulants 18 FUNCTION IN FOODS: Ci
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Acidulants 20 Monoglyceride citrate
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Acidulants 22 Dipotassium citrate:
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Acidulants 24 NAME: Dehydroacetic R
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Acidulants 26 Doores, S. (1990) pH
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 0.5 HEA
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REFERENCES: Budavari, S., O’Neill
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TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Glucono
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 10 p
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It is used to flavour various poult
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Acidulants 40 NAME: Malic acid CATE
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Acidulants 42 The US Internal Reven
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Acidulants 44 NAME: Phosphoric acid
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Acidulants 46 Ammonium phosphate, d
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Acidulants 48 Magnesium phosphate,
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Acidulants 50 Sodium phosphate, dib
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Acidulants 52 cheese, cheese food,
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Acidulants 54 Doores, S. (1990) pH
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VAPOUR PRESSURE AT VARIOUS 4.6 (1 m
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propionate based on the weight of t
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Acidulants 62 NAME: Sodium diacetat
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Acidulants 64 Food Chemicals Codex
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ARSENIC CONTENT MAXIMUM IN ppm: 3 A
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Acidulants 70 NAME: Tartaric acid C
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Acidulants 72 Potassium bitartrate
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Part 2 Antioxidants
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SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
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Antioxidants 80 NAME: Ascorbyl palm
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Antioxidants 82 NAME: Sodium ascorb
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Antioxidants 84 NAME: Calcium ascor
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in vegetable oil: @ 25°C 30% cotto
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Antioxidants 90 NAME: Butylated hyd
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Antioxidants 92 REFERENCES: Sustane
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Antioxidants 96 NAME: Propyl gallat
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Antioxidants 98 (USA: contd) Pizza
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FUNCTION IN FOODS: Prevents oxidati
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Antioxidants 104 NAME: Tocopherols,
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Antioxidants 106 NAME: Beta-caroten
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REFERENCES: Schuler, P. (1990) In:
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Antioxidants 112 NAME: Tocopherol,
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Antioxidants 114 NAME: Citric acid
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Antioxidants 116 NAME: Ethylenediam
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Antioxidants 118 NAME: L-Tartaric a
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Part 3 Colourings
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM 50 IN p
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Colourings 126 NAME: Allura Red AC
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Colourings 128 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN
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Colourings 134 NAME: Amaranth CATEG
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Colourings 136 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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PURITY %: Bixin powders 25%; norbix
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STRUCTURE OF ANNATTO: CH 3 CH3 RO C
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BOILING POINT IN °C AT VARIOUS N/A
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REFERENCES: Jackman, R. L., Yada, R
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN
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Colourings 150 NAME: Brilliant Blue
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Colourings 152 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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VAPOUR PRESSURE AT VARIOUS N/A TEMP
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Colourings 158 NAME: Brown HT CATEG
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Colourings 160 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 40 p
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 5 HEAVY
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Colourings 168 NAME: Plain caramel
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Colourings 170 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: Typical
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Colourings 176 NAME: Caustic sulphi
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Colourings 178 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: Typical
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Colourings 184 NAME: Beetroot red C
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Colourings 186 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 21.0% H
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Colourings 192 NAME: Carminic acid
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Colourings 194 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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PURITY %: Not less than 85% dye con
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Colourings 200 NAME: Beta-carotene
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Colourings 202 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 2 HEAVY
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Colourings 208 NAME: Chlorophyll CA
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Colourings 210 ANTAGONISTS: Sulphur
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Colourings 212 NAME: Chlorophyllin
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Colourings 214 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 40 p
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Colourings 220 NAME: Copper chlorop
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Colourings 222 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: N/A HEA
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Colourings 228 NAME: Curcumin CATEG
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Colourings 230 ANTAGONISTS: Strong
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 15 HEAV
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Colourings 236 NAME: Ethyl ester of
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Colourings 238 When used to colour
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PURITY %: 85% miniumum WATER CONTEN
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Colourings 244 NAME: Gold CATEGORY:
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Colourings 246 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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PURITY %: Not less than 80% total c
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Colourings 252 NAME: Indigotine CAT
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Colourings 254 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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ANTAGONISTS: None known FOOD SAFETY
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 40 p
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Colourings 262 NAME: Yellow iron ox
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Colourings 264 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 40 p
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Colourings 270 NAME: Monascus CATEG
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Colourings 272 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
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Colourings 274 NAME: Brilliant Blac
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Colourings 276 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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PURITY %: Content not less than 85%
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Colourings 282 NAME: Ponceau 4R CAT
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Colourings 284 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 30 HEAV
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Colourings 290 NAME: Ponceau SX CAT
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Colourings 292 REFERENCE: Walford,
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ARSENIC CONTENT MAXIMUM IN ppm: 3 A
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PURITY %: 85% total colouring matte
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Colourings 300 NAME: Tartrazine CAT
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Colourings 302 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
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Colourings 304 NAME: Titanium dioxi
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Colourings 306 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 40 p
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Colourings 312 NAME: Vegetable carb
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Colourings 314 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN
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Colourings 320 NAME: Santalin CATEG
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Colourings 322 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 40 p
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Colourings 328 NAME: Lycopene CATEG
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Colourings 330 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 2 HEAVY
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OH CH 3 Capsorubin CH3 CH3 CH 3 CH3
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 40 p
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Colourings 340 NAME: Riboflavin-5¢
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Colourings 342 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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Emulsifiers 344 NAME: Mono- and dig
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Emulsifiers 346 LEGISLATION: USA: U
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FUNCTION IN FOODS: Emulsion-stabili
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ALTERNATIVES: Lactic acid esters/ p
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TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Crystal
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FUNCTION IN FOODS: Used in bread an
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TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Can mod
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Emulsifiers 360 NAME: Succinic acid
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Emulsifiers 362 NAME: Tartaric acid
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Emulsifiers 366 NAME: Lecithins CAT
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Emulsifiers 368 NAME: Polyglycerol
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Emulsifiers 370 NAME: Polyglycerol
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Emulsifiers 372 NAME: Propylene gly
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Emulsifiers 374 NAME: Sodium stearo
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Emulsifiers 376 NAME: Calcium stear
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Emulsifiers 378 NAME: Sorbitan este
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Emulsifiers 380 NAME: Polysorbates
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Emulsifiers 382 NAME: Sucrose ester
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Emulsifiers 384 NAME: Ammonium phos
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Emulsifiers 386 NAME: Di-octyl sodi
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Part 5 Enzymes
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ANTAGONISTS: Cereals - inhibited by
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Enzymes 394 activity NAME: Amyloglu
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Enzymes 396 NAME: Anthocyanase CATE
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LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS stat
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LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: GR
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Enzymes 404 NAME: Beta-glucosidase
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Enzymes 406 NAME: Bromelain CATEGOR
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Enzymes 410 NAME: Cellobiase (Asper
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LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: GR
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Enzymes 416 NAME: Dextranase (Penic
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Enzymes 420 NAME: Ficin (Ficus spp.
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Enzymes 422 NAME: Glucoamylase CATE
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Enzymes 424 NAME: Glucose isomerase
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Enzymes 426 NAME: Glucose oxidase C
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Enzymes 428 NAME: Hemicellulase (As
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Enzymes 432 NAME: Invertase CATEGOR
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LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: GR
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Enzymes 438 NAME: Microbial rennet
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Enzymes 442 NAME: Papain (papaya sp
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Enzymes 444 NAME: Pectinase CATEGOR
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Enzymes 446 NAME: Penicillin amidas
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REFERENCES: Ash, M., and Ash, I. (1
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Enzymes 452 NAME: Pullulanase CATEG
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REFERENCES: Ash, M., and Ash, I. (1
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Enzymes 458 NAME: Tannase CATEGORY:
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Enzymes 462 NAME: Xylanase CATEGORY
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Flavour Enhancers 464 NAME: Acetic
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Flavour Enhancers 466 (USA: contd)
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Flavour Enhancers 470 NAME: Red alg
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Pre-solubilised: shelf-stable solut
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Flavour Enhancers 476 NAME: Esteras
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LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: FD
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solvent; texture modifier; vehicle
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Flavour Enhancers 484 NAME: Licoric
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LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: FD
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FUNCTION IN FOODS: Flavour adjuvant
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ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Man
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Flavour Enhancers 494 NAME: Potassi
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Flavour Enhancers 496 NAME: Monosod
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Flavour Enhancers 498 REFERENCE: Le
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ALTERNATIVES: Ammonium chloride/ Ca
- Page 523 and 524:
Flavour Enhancers 504 NAME: Sodium
- Page 525:
Flavour Enhancers 506 REFERENCE: Le
- Page 528 and 529:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Moderately toxi
- Page 530 and 531:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Poison by inges
- Page 532 and 533:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: 1 gram
- Page 534 and 535:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: FD
- Page 536 and 537:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: FDA 21CFR
- Page 538 and 539:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: FD
- Page 541:
Flavour Enhancers 522 NAME: Licoric
- Page 545 and 546:
Flavour Enhancers 526 NAME: Sucralo
- Page 547 and 548:
Flavour Enhancers 528 NAME: Thaumat
- Page 549:
Flavour Enhancers 530 NAME: Potassi
- Page 552:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: FD
- Page 555 and 556:
Flour Additives 536 NAME: Alpha-amy
- Page 557 and 558:
Flour Additives 538 NAME: Chlorine
- Page 559 and 560:
Flour Additives 540 NAME: Chlorine
- Page 561 and 562:
Flour Additives 542 NAME: Glucono-d
- Page 563 and 564:
Flour Additives 544 NAME: Disodium
- Page 565 and 566:
Flour Additives 546 NAME: Monopotas
- Page 567 and 568:
Flour Additives 548 NAME: Hemicellu
- Page 569 and 570:
Flour Additives 550 NAME: Calcium t
- Page 571 and 572:
Flour Additives 552 NAME: L-Cystein
- Page 573 and 574:
Flour Additives 554 NAME: Sodium hy
- Page 575 and 576:
Flour Additives 556 NAME: Sodium al
- Page 578 and 579:
Part 8 Gases
- Page 581:
Gases 562 NAME: Hydrogen CATEGORY:
- Page 584 and 585:
LEGISLATION: USA: FDA 21CFR § 184.
- Page 586 and 587:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Produce
- Page 588 and 589:
and some magnesium-aluminium alloy
- Page 590:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Low toxicity. I
- Page 593 and 594:
Nutritive Additives 574 NAME: DL-a-
- Page 595 and 596:
Nutritive Additives 576 NAME: DL-a-
- Page 597:
Nutritive Additives 578 NAME: Pyrid
- Page 600 and 601:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: Regulatio
- Page 602 and 603:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: AUSTRALIA
- Page 604 and 605:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: Regulatio
- Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCES: Ash, M., and Ash, I. (1
- Page 608 and 609:
REFERENCES: Ash, M., and Ash, I. (1
- Page 610 and 611:
REFERENCES: Ash, M., and Ash, I. (1
- Page 612 and 613:
REFERENCES: Ash, M., and Ash, I. (1
- Page 614 and 615:
ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: In
- Page 616 and 617:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Oily su
- Page 619:
Nutritive Additives 600 NAME: Panto
- Page 622 and 623:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: FDA 21CFR
- Page 625 and 626:
Nutritive Additives 606 NAME: L-Asc
- Page 627:
Nutritive Additives 608 LEGISLATION
- Page 630 and 631:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Some adverse ef
- Page 632 and 633:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
- Page 634 and 635:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
- Page 636 and 637:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
- Page 638 and 639:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS. For
- Page 640 and 641:
ANTAGONISTS: Acids FOOD SAFETY ISSU
- Page 642 and 643:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Affects
- Page 644 and 645:
ALTERNATIVES: Calcium carbonate, ca
- Page 646 and 647:
ANTAGONISTS: Air, humidity, oxygen
- Page 648 and 649:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
- Page 650 and 651:
ANTAGONISTS: Light; reducing agents
- Page 652 and 653:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS in s
- Page 654 and 655:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Toxicology: LD
- Page 656 and 657:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
- Page 658 and 659:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Affects
- Page 660 and 661:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: Fo
- Page 662 and 663:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
- Page 664 and 665:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Soluble
- Page 666 and 667:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
- Page 668 and 669:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Poison by intra
- Page 670 and 671:
less than 2 years old, Recommended
- Page 672 and 673:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Toxicology: LD
- Page 674 and 675:
REFERENCES: Ash, M., and Ash, I. (1
- Page 676:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
- Page 679 and 680:
Polysaccharides 660 NAME: Agar CATE
- Page 681 and 682:
Polysaccharides 662 NAME: Algin CAT
- Page 683 and 684:
Polysaccharides 664 NAME: Alginic a
- Page 685 and 686:
Polysaccharides 666 NAME: Ammonium
- Page 687 and 688:
Polysaccharides 668 NAME: Gum arabi
- Page 689 and 690:
Polysaccharides 670 NAME: Calcium a
- Page 691 and 692:
Polysaccharides 672 NAME: Iota-carr
- Page 693:
Polysaccharides 674 Therkelsen, G.
- Page 696 and 697:
ALTERNATIVES: Gelatin; gellan; agar
- Page 699 and 700:
Polysaccharides 680 NAME: Lambda-ca
- Page 701:
Polysaccharides 682 ANY OTHER RELEV
- Page 704 and 705:
particularly potassium and calcium
- Page 707 and 708:
Polysaccharides 688 NAME: Cellulose
- Page 709 and 710:
Polysaccharides 690 NAME: Chitosan
- Page 711 and 712:
Polysaccharides 692 NAME: Carboxyme
- Page 713 and 714:
Polysaccharides 694 NAME: Dextran C
- Page 715 and 716:
Polysaccharides 696 NAME: Furcellar
- Page 717 and 718:
Polysaccharides 698 NAME: Gellan CA
- Page 719 and 720:
Polysaccharides 700 NAME: Gum ghatt
- Page 721 and 722:
Polysaccharides 702 NAME: Guar gum
- Page 723 and 724:
Polysaccharides 704 NAME: Hydroxy e
- Page 725 and 726:
Polysaccharides 706 NAME: Hydroxy p
- Page 727 and 728:
Polysaccharides 708 NAME: Hydroxy p
- Page 729 and 730:
Polysaccharides 710 NAME: Karaya gu
- Page 731 and 732:
Polysaccharides 712 NAME: Locust be
- Page 733 and 734:
Polysaccharides 714 NAME: Methyl ce
- Page 735 and 736:
Polysaccharides 716 NAME: Methyl et
- Page 737 and 738:
Polysaccharides 718 NAME: Microcrys
- Page 739 and 740:
Polysaccharides 720 NAME: Pectin CA
- Page 741 and 742:
Polysaccharides 722 NAME: Propylene
- Page 743 and 744:
Polysaccharides 724 NAME: Potassium
- Page 745 and 746:
Polysaccharides 726 NAME: Tragacant
- Page 747 and 748:
Polysaccharides 728 NAME: Xanthan C
- Page 750 and 751:
Part 11 Preservatives
- Page 752 and 753:
PURITY %: >99 (anhydrous basis) WAT
- Page 755 and 756:
Preservatives 736 NAME: Sodium sorb
- Page 757:
Preservatives 738 LEGISLATION: USA:
- Page 760 and 761:
PURITY %: >98 (anhydrous basis) WAT
- Page 763 and 764:
Preservatives 744 NAME: Calcium sor
- Page 765:
Preservatives 746 LEGISLATION: USA:
- Page 768 and 769:
PURITY %: >99.5 (anhydrous basis) W
- Page 771 and 772:
Preservatives 752 NAME: Sodium benz
- Page 773:
Preservatives 754 ANY OTHER RELEVAN
- Page 776 and 777:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Effecti
- Page 778 and 779:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: FD
- Page 780 and 781:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: pH opti
- Page 783 and 784:
Preservatives 764 NAME: Propyl-4-hy
- Page 785:
Preservatives 766 NAME: Propyl-4-hy
- Page 788 and 789:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 791 and 792:
Preservatives 772 NAME: Sulphur dio
- Page 793 and 794:
Preservatives 774 NAME: Sodium sulp
- Page 795 and 796:
Preservatives 776 NAME: Sodium bisu
- Page 797 and 798:
Preservatives 778 NAME: Sodium meta
- Page 799 and 800:
Preservatives 780 NAME: Potassium m
- Page 801 and 802:
Preservatives 782 NAME: Calcium sul
- Page 803 and 804:
Preservatives 784 NAME: Calcium bis
- Page 805 and 806:
Preservatives 786 NAME: Biphenyl CA
- Page 807 and 808:
Preservatives 788 NAME: 2-Hydroxybi
- Page 809:
Preservatives 790 NAME: Sodium o-ph
- Page 813 and 814:
Preservatives 794 NAME: Nisin CATEG
- Page 815:
Preservatives 796 NAME: Hexamethyle
- Page 818 and 819:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: 2lb/100
- Page 820 and 821:
ALTERNATIVES: Multifunctional, so r
- Page 822 and 823:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: CA
- Page 824 and 825:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: 200ppm
- Page 826 and 827:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: 1% (foo
- Page 828 and 829:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: FDA 21CFR
- Page 830 and 831:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: FD
- Page 833 and 834:
Preservatives 814 NAME: Heptyl para
- Page 836 and 837:
Part 12 Sequestrants
- Page 838 and 839:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 840 and 841:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 842 and 843:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Citrates may in
- Page 844 and 845:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: May cause gastr
- Page 846 and 847:
ARSENIC CONTENT MAXIMUM IN ppm: 3 F
- Page 848 and 849:
ALTERNATIVES: Citrates; pyrophospha
- Page 850 and 851:
WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 0.5 HEA
- Page 853 and 854:
Sequestrants 834 NAME: Disodium eth
- Page 855 and 856:
Sequestrants 836 NAME: Disodium pyr
- Page 857 and 858:
Sequestrants 838 NAME: Glucono-delt
- Page 859:
Sequestrants 840 NAME: Isopropyl ci
- Page 862 and 863:
ALTERNATIVES: Sodium phosphates TEC
- Page 864 and 865:
FUNCTION IN FOODS: Preserves colour
- Page 866 and 867:
FUNCTION IN FOODS: Sequestrant, pH
- Page 869 and 870:
Sequestrants 850 NAME: Sodium monoh
- Page 871 and 872:
Sequestrants 852 NAME: Sodium polyp
- Page 873 and 874:
Sequestrants 854 NAME: Sodium tartr
- Page 875:
Sequestrants 856 NAME: Oxystearin C
- Page 878 and 879:
HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 10 p
- Page 880 and 881:
Part 13 Solvents
- Page 882 and 883:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 885 and 886:
Solvents 866 NAME: Acetylated monog
- Page 887 and 888:
Solvents 868 NAME: Amyl acetate CAT
- Page 889 and 890:
Solvents 870 NAME: Benzyl alcohol C
- Page 891 and 892:
Solvents 872 NAME: 1,3-Butanediol C
- Page 893 and 894:
Solvents 874 NAME: Castor oil CATEG
- Page 895 and 896:
Solvents 876 NAME: Diethyl tartrate
- Page 897 and 898:
Solvents 878 NAME: Ethanol CATEGORY
- Page 899 and 900:
Solvents 880 NAME: Ethyl acetate CA
- Page 901 and 902:
Solvents 882 NAME: Glycerin CATEGOR
- Page 903:
Solvents 884 (UK and EUROPE: contd)
- Page 906 and 907:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 908 and 909:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 910 and 911:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 912 and 913:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Soluble
- Page 914 and 915:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Used as
- Page 916 and 917:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 918:
SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
- Page 921 and 922:
Sweeteners 902 NAME: Acesulphame CA
- Page 923 and 924:
Sweeteners 904 Disintegrant (e.g. l
- Page 925 and 926:
Sweeteners 906 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
- Page 927 and 928:
Sweeteners 908 - USSR Not permitted
- Page 929:
Sweeteners 910 NAME: N-acetylglucos
- Page 933 and 934:
Sweeteners 914 NAME: Aspartame CATE
- Page 935 and 936:
Sweeteners 916 When used in soft dr
- Page 937 and 938:
Sweeteners 918 Approved by FDA in 1
- Page 939 and 940:
Sweeteners 920 (f ) If the food con
- Page 941 and 942:
Sweeteners 922 Item A.A3, Table III
- Page 943 and 944:
Sweeteners 924 NAME: Cyclamate CATE
- Page 945 and 946:
Sweeteners 926 No browning reaction
- Page 947 and 948:
Sweeteners 928 -West Germany 800 mg
- Page 949:
Sweeteners 930 Budavari, S. (1996)
- Page 952 and 953:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Does no
- Page 954 and 955:
Herbs and seasonings, §170.3(n)(26
- Page 957 and 958:
Sweeteners 938 NAME: Isomalt CATEGO
- Page 959 and 960:
Sweeteners 940 NAME: Lactitol CATEG
- Page 961:
Sweeteners 942 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
- Page 964 and 965:
FUNCTION IN FOODS: Bulking agent, s
- Page 966 and 967:
- In case material is released or s
- Page 969 and 970:
Sweeteners 950 NAME: Mannitol CATEG
- Page 971 and 972:
Sweeteners 952 Solubility: 1 g/5.5
- Page 973:
Sweeteners 954 REFERENCES: Smith, J
- Page 977 and 978:
Sweeteners 958 NAME: Saccharin CATE
- Page 979 and 980:
Sweeteners 960 3:1 cyclamate :sacch
- Page 981 and 982: Sweeteners 962 101.11 Saccharin and
- Page 983 and 984: Sweeteners 964 - East Germany 20 to
- Page 985: Sweeteners 966 Canadian Food and Dr
- Page 988 and 989: MELTING RANGE IN °C: Crystalline:
- Page 990 and 991: Stability: stable to heat, chemical
- Page 992 and 993: - Granulation/concentration: 70% co
- Page 994 and 995: Humectant and stabiliser - good hum
- Page 996 and 997: LEGISLATION: USA: GRAS by US FASEB
- Page 998 and 999: CANADA: Canada FDR 67-29 -available
- Page 1000 and 1001: Hexahydric sugar alcohol; isomeric
- Page 1002 and 1003: TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Steviol
- Page 1004 and 1005: OTHER COUNTRIES: Permitted for use
- Page 1007 and 1008: Sweeteners 988 NAME: Sucralose CATE
- Page 1009 and 1010: Sweeteners 990 (4) Desserts; desser
- Page 1011 and 1012: Sweeteners 992 NAME: Thaumatin CATE
- Page 1013 and 1014: Sweeteners 994 Interaction with tas
- Page 1015 and 1016: Sweeteners 996 (c) may have added t
- Page 1017: Sweeteners 998 100,000 times as swe
- Page 1020 and 1021: TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: An affi
- Page 1022: REFERENCES: Smith, J. (1991) Food A
- Page 1025 and 1026: Index 1006 ammonium potassium phosp
- Page 1027 and 1028: Index 1008 CAS 9012-54-8, 402 CAS 9
- Page 1029 and 1030: Index 1010 edible oils and fats, ED
- Page 1031: Index 1012 hydrogen peroxide oxidor
- Page 1035: Index 1016 vitamin C, 606, 610, 614