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FUNCTION IN FOODS: Used in bread and yeast-raised products at levels of 0.2–0.6% of flour weight. DATEM possess excellent dough-strengthening properties due to their ability to interact with gluten. They thus enhance gas (CO2) retention and improve tolerance to mechanical handling. HLB 8–10 improves fat particle distribution in coffee whiteners, thereby improving whitening effect. Effective at levels of 0.125–0.5% in reduction of fat in biscuits. Amylose complexing index 49 (fair) HLB 7–8 (medium polarity) ALTERNATIVES: E472f/ SSL/ Succinic acid esters TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Invariably used in form of improvers. Fine-powdered forms are blended with up to 20% anti-caking agents such as calcium carbonate or tricalcium orthophosphate and with soya flour, etc. Liquid and paste forms are blended with fats (m.p. 35–38°C) and sugars. Improvers are added to the dough to provide 0.2–0.6% DATEM on flour weight. SYNERGISTS: Ascorbic acid/ Potassium or calcium bromate/ Enzymes (alpha-amylase, hemicellulase) LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: US FDA 21 CFR §182.1101. GRAS – E472e; ADI 0–50mg/kg body weight emulsifier, flavouring agent and adjuvant. EC Directive 95/2 (OJ No.L61, 18.3.95) Miscellaneous Narrower compositional range than EC, Additives (Enacted in UK as Statutory Instrument 1995 i.e. 17–20% esterified tartaric acid, No.3187) Schedule 1 (Generally permitted for use in 14–17% esterified acetic acid, min 12% <strong>Food</strong>) Schedules 4 and 7 Purity Criteria laid down in glycerol – <strong>Food</strong> Chemicals Codex, EC Directive 78/663 (OJ, No.L223, 14.7.78) 2nd edition (1972) CANADA: Permitted and used at up to 0.6% on flour weight REFERENCES: Schuster, G. and Adams, W. (1981) Gibt es gemischte Wein-, Essig- und FettsaureEster des Glycerins (E472f): Seifen, Öle, Fette, Wachse, (heft 3), 61. Tamstorf, S. Emulsifiers for bakery and starch products. Danisco Technical Paper TP 1001. ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Total tartaric acid min 10%, max 40%; Total glycerol min 11%, max 28%; Total acetic acid min 8%, max 32%; Acid value 60–110 Diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids 355
Emulsifiers 356 NAME: Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids CATEGORY: Emulsifier FOOD USE: Shortening/ Cake and Sponge Batters/ Aerated desserts and toppings/ Imitation cream/ Cake margarine/ Whipping cream SYNONYMS: Lactylated monoglycerides/ LACTEM/ E472b/ Lactylated mono- and diglycerides/ Lactoglycerides FORMULA: CH2·O·CO-CHOH-CH3-CHOH-CH2·O·CO·(CH2)16·CH3 (for stearate) MOLECULAR MASS: 430 ALTERNATIVE FORMS: Varies according to lactic acid content (12–30%) and fatty acid composition PROPERTIES AND APPEARANCE: White to cream powder, flakes or paste MELTING RANGE IN °C 45–50 WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 2 HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 10 (as Pb) ppm: ARSENIC CONTENT MAXIMUM IN ppm: 3 ASH MAXIMUM IN % 0.5 SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE/pH COMBINATIONS: in water: @ 20°C Insoluble FUNCTION IN FOODS: Alpha-tending emulsifier used in combination with saturated monoglycerides to stabilise their a-crystalline form. Amylose complexing index 22 (poor) HLB 5–8 (medium polarity)
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Food Additives Data Book
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© 2003 by Blackwell Science Ltd, a
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Contents vi Part 3 Colourings 121 A
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Contents viii Dextranase (Penicilli
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Contents x Calcium lactate pentahyd
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Contents xii Calcium disodium ethyl
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Editors Jim Smith, PhD, MBA, FIFST
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Part 14—Sweeteners David K. MacKi
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Part 1 Acidulants
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VAPOUR PRESSURE AT VARIOUS -17.2 (1
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Acceptable daily intake for humans
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Acidulants 8 NAME: Adipic acid CATE
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Acidulants 10 Diisobutyl adipate ca
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Acidulants 12 NAME: Caprylic acid C
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Acidulants 14 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: L
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Acidulants 16 NAME: Citric acid CAT
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Acidulants 18 FUNCTION IN FOODS: Ci
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Acidulants 20 Monoglyceride citrate
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Acidulants 22 Dipotassium citrate:
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Acidulants 24 NAME: Dehydroacetic R
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Acidulants 26 Doores, S. (1990) pH
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 0.5 HEA
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REFERENCES: Budavari, S., O’Neill
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TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Glucono
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 10 p
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It is used to flavour various poult
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Acidulants 40 NAME: Malic acid CATE
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Acidulants 42 The US Internal Reven
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Acidulants 44 NAME: Phosphoric acid
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Acidulants 46 Ammonium phosphate, d
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Acidulants 48 Magnesium phosphate,
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Acidulants 50 Sodium phosphate, dib
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Acidulants 52 cheese, cheese food,
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Acidulants 54 Doores, S. (1990) pH
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VAPOUR PRESSURE AT VARIOUS 4.6 (1 m
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propionate based on the weight of t
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Acidulants 62 NAME: Sodium diacetat
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Acidulants 64 Food Chemicals Codex
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ARSENIC CONTENT MAXIMUM IN ppm: 3 A
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Acidulants 70 NAME: Tartaric acid C
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Acidulants 72 Potassium bitartrate
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Part 2 Antioxidants
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SOLUBILITY % AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
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Antioxidants 80 NAME: Ascorbyl palm
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Antioxidants 82 NAME: Sodium ascorb
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Antioxidants 84 NAME: Calcium ascor
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in vegetable oil: @ 25°C 30% cotto
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Antioxidants 90 NAME: Butylated hyd
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Antioxidants 92 REFERENCES: Sustane
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Antioxidants 96 NAME: Propyl gallat
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Antioxidants 98 (USA: contd) Pizza
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FUNCTION IN FOODS: Prevents oxidati
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Antioxidants 104 NAME: Tocopherols,
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Antioxidants 106 NAME: Beta-caroten
Page 128 and 129:
REFERENCES: Schuler, P. (1990) In:
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Antioxidants 112 NAME: Tocopherol,
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Antioxidants 114 NAME: Citric acid
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Antioxidants 116 NAME: Ethylenediam
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Antioxidants 118 NAME: L-Tartaric a
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Part 3 Colourings
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM 50 IN p
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Colourings 126 NAME: Allura Red AC
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Colourings 128 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN
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Colourings 134 NAME: Amaranth CATEG
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Colourings 136 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
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PURITY %: Bixin powders 25%; norbix
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STRUCTURE OF ANNATTO: CH 3 CH3 RO C
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BOILING POINT IN °C AT VARIOUS N/A
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REFERENCES: Jackman, R. L., Yada, R
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HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN
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Colourings 150 NAME: Brilliant Blue
Page 171:
Page 174 and 175:
VAPOUR PRESSURE AT VARIOUS N/A TEMP
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Colourings 158 NAME: Brown HT CATEG
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Page 184 and 185:
WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 5 HEAVY
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Colourings 168 NAME: Plain caramel
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Page 192 and 193:
WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: Typical
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Colourings 176 NAME: Caustic sulphi
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Page 200 and 201:
WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: Typical
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Colourings 184 NAME: Beetroot red C
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Page 208 and 209:
WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 21.0% H
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Colourings 192 NAME: Carminic acid
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PURITY %: Not less than 85% dye con
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Colourings 200 NAME: Beta-carotene
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Colourings 202 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 2 HEAVY
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Colourings 208 NAME: Chlorophyll CA
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Colourings 210 ANTAGONISTS: Sulphur
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Colourings 212 NAME: Chlorophyllin
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Page 239 and 240:
Colourings 220 NAME: Copper chlorop
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Page 244 and 245:
WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: N/A HEA
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Colourings 228 NAME: Curcumin CATEG
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Colourings 230 ANTAGONISTS: Strong
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WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 15 HEAV
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Colourings 236 NAME: Ethyl ester of
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Colourings 238 When used to colour
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PURITY %: 85% miniumum WATER CONTEN
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Colourings 244 NAME: Gold CATEGORY:
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PURITY %: Not less than 80% total c
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Colourings 252 NAME: Indigotine CAT
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ANTAGONISTS: None known FOOD SAFETY
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Page 281 and 282:
Colourings 262 NAME: Yellow iron ox
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Page 286 and 287:
Page 289 and 290:
Colourings 270 NAME: Monascus CATEG
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Page 293 and 294:
Colourings 274 NAME: Brilliant Blac
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PURITY %: Content not less than 85%
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Colourings 282 NAME: Ponceau 4R CAT
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Page 306 and 307:
WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 30 HEAV
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Colourings 290 NAME: Ponceau SX CAT
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Colourings 292 REFERENCE: Walford,
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ARSENIC CONTENT MAXIMUM IN ppm: 3 A
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PURITY %: 85% total colouring matte
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Colourings 300 NAME: Tartrazine CAT
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Page 323 and 324: Colourings 304 NAME: Titanium dioxi
Page 325: Colourings 306 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
Page 328 and 329: HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN 40 p
Page 331 and 332: Colourings 312 NAME: Vegetable carb
Page 333: Colourings 314 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
Page 336 and 337: HEAVY METAL CONTENT MAXIMUM IN
Page 339 and 340: Colourings 320 NAME: Santalin CATEG
Page 341: Colourings 322 LEGISLATION: USA: CA
Page 347 and 348: Colourings 328 NAME: Lycopene CATEG
Page 349: Colourings 330 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
Page 352 and 353: WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 2 HEAVY
Page 354 and 355: OH CH 3 Capsorubin CH3 CH3 CH 3 CH3
Page 359 and 360: Colourings 340 NAME: Riboflavin-5¢
Page 361 and 362: Colourings 342 LEGISLATION: USA: UK
Page 363 and 364: Emulsifiers 344 NAME: Mono- and dig
Page 365: Emulsifiers 346 LEGISLATION: USA: U
Page 368 and 369: FUNCTION IN FOODS: Emulsion-stabili
Page 370 and 371: ALTERNATIVES: Lactic acid esters/ p
Page 372 and 373: TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Crystal
Page 376 and 377: TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Can mod
Page 379 and 380: Emulsifiers 360 NAME: Succinic acid
Page 381: Emulsifiers 362 NAME: Tartaric acid
Page 385 and 386: Emulsifiers 366 NAME: Lecithins CAT
Page 387 and 388: Emulsifiers 368 NAME: Polyglycerol
Page 389 and 390: Emulsifiers 370 NAME: Polyglycerol
Page 391 and 392: Emulsifiers 372 NAME: Propylene gly
Page 393 and 394: Emulsifiers 374 NAME: Sodium stearo
Page 395 and 396: Emulsifiers 376 NAME: Calcium stear
Page 397 and 398: Emulsifiers 378 NAME: Sorbitan este
Page 399 and 400: Emulsifiers 380 NAME: Polysorbates
Page 401 and 402: Emulsifiers 382 NAME: Sucrose ester
Page 403 and 404: Emulsifiers 384 NAME: Ammonium phos
Page 405: Emulsifiers 386 NAME: Di-octyl sodi
Page 408 and 409: Part 5 Enzymes
Page 410 and 411: ANTAGONISTS: Cereals - inhibited by
Page 413 and 414: Enzymes 394 activity NAME: Amyloglu
Page 415: Enzymes 396 NAME: Anthocyanase CATE
Page 418 and 419: LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS stat
Page 420 and 421: LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: GR
Page 423 and 424: Enzymes 404 NAME: Beta-glucosidase
Page 425:
Enzymes 406 NAME: Bromelain CATEGOR
Page 429:
Enzymes 410 NAME: Cellobiase (Asper
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LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: GR
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Enzymes 416 NAME: Dextranase (Penic
Page 439 and 440:
Enzymes 420 NAME: Ficin (Ficus spp.
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Enzymes 422 NAME: Glucoamylase CATE
Page 443 and 444:
Enzymes 424 NAME: Glucose isomerase
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Enzymes 426 NAME: Glucose oxidase C
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Enzymes 428 NAME: Hemicellulase (As
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Enzymes 432 NAME: Invertase CATEGOR
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LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: GR
Page 457:
Enzymes 438 NAME: Microbial rennet
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Enzymes 442 NAME: Papain (papaya sp
Page 463 and 464:
Enzymes 444 NAME: Pectinase CATEGOR
Page 465:
Enzymes 446 NAME: Penicillin amidas
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REFERENCES: Ash, M., and Ash, I. (1
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Enzymes 452 NAME: Pullulanase CATEG
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Page 477:
Enzymes 458 NAME: Tannase CATEGORY:
Page 481 and 482:
Enzymes 462 NAME: Xylanase CATEGORY
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Flavour Enhancers 464 NAME: Acetic
Page 485:
Flavour Enhancers 466 (USA: contd)
Page 489:
Flavour Enhancers 470 NAME: Red alg
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Pre-solubilised: shelf-stable solut
Page 495:
Flavour Enhancers 476 NAME: Esteras
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LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: FD
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solvent; texture modifier; vehicle
Page 503:
Flavour Enhancers 484 NAME: Licoric
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Page 508 and 509:
FUNCTION IN FOODS: Flavour adjuvant
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ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Man
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Flavour Enhancers 494 NAME: Potassi
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Flavour Enhancers 496 NAME: Monosod
Page 517:
Flavour Enhancers 498 REFERENCE: Le
Page 520 and 521:
ALTERNATIVES: Ammonium chloride/ Ca
Page 523 and 524:
Flavour Enhancers 504 NAME: Sodium
Page 525:
Flavour Enhancers 506 REFERENCE: Le
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FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Moderately toxi
Page 530 and 531:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Poison by inges
Page 532 and 533:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: 1 gram
Page 534 and 535:
Page 536 and 537:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: FDA 21CFR
Page 538 and 539:
Page 541:
Flavour Enhancers 522 NAME: Licoric
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Flavour Enhancers 526 NAME: Sucralo
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Flavour Enhancers 528 NAME: Thaumat
Page 549:
Flavour Enhancers 530 NAME: Potassi
Page 552:
Page 555 and 556:
Flour Additives 536 NAME: Alpha-amy
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Flour Additives 538 NAME: Chlorine
Page 559 and 560:
Flour Additives 540 NAME: Chlorine
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Flour Additives 542 NAME: Glucono-d
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Flour Additives 544 NAME: Disodium
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Flour Additives 546 NAME: Monopotas
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Flour Additives 548 NAME: Hemicellu
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Flour Additives 550 NAME: Calcium t
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Flour Additives 552 NAME: L-Cystein
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Flour Additives 554 NAME: Sodium hy
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Flour Additives 556 NAME: Sodium al
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Part 8 Gases
Page 581:
Gases 562 NAME: Hydrogen CATEGORY:
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LEGISLATION: USA: FDA 21CFR § 184.
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TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Produce
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and some magnesium-aluminium alloy
Page 590:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Low toxicity. I
Page 593 and 594:
Nutritive Additives 574 NAME: DL-a-
Page 595 and 596:
Nutritive Additives 576 NAME: DL-a-
Page 597:
Nutritive Additives 578 NAME: Pyrid
Page 600 and 601:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: Regulatio
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LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: AUSTRALIA
Page 604 and 605:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: Regulatio
Page 606 and 607:
Page 608 and 609:
Page 610 and 611:
Page 612 and 613:
Page 614 and 615:
ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: In
Page 616 and 617:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Oily su
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Nutritive Additives 600 NAME: Panto
Page 622 and 623:
Page 625 and 626:
Nutritive Additives 606 NAME: L-Asc
Page 627:
Nutritive Additives 608 LEGISLATION
Page 630 and 631:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Some adverse ef
Page 632 and 633:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS for
Page 634 and 635:
Page 636 and 637:
Page 638 and 639:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS. For
Page 640 and 641:
ANTAGONISTS: Acids FOOD SAFETY ISSU
Page 642 and 643:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Affects
Page 644 and 645:
ALTERNATIVES: Calcium carbonate, ca
Page 646 and 647:
ANTAGONISTS: Air, humidity, oxygen
Page 648 and 649:
Page 650 and 651:
ANTAGONISTS: Light; reducing agents
Page 652 and 653:
LEGISLATION: USA: CANADA: GRAS in s
Page 654 and 655:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Toxicology: LD
Page 656 and 657:
Page 658 and 659:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Affects
Page 660 and 661:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: Fo
Page 662 and 663:
Page 664 and 665:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Soluble
Page 666 and 667:
Page 668 and 669:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Poison by intra
Page 670 and 671:
less than 2 years old, Recommended
Page 672 and 673:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Toxicology: LD
Page 674 and 675:
Page 676:
Page 679 and 680:
Polysaccharides 660 NAME: Agar CATE
Page 681 and 682:
Polysaccharides 662 NAME: Algin CAT
Page 683 and 684:
Polysaccharides 664 NAME: Alginic a
Page 685 and 686:
Polysaccharides 666 NAME: Ammonium
Page 687 and 688:
Polysaccharides 668 NAME: Gum arabi
Page 689 and 690:
Polysaccharides 670 NAME: Calcium a
Page 691 and 692:
Polysaccharides 672 NAME: Iota-carr
Page 693:
Polysaccharides 674 Therkelsen, G.
Page 696 and 697:
ALTERNATIVES: Gelatin; gellan; agar
Page 699 and 700:
Polysaccharides 680 NAME: Lambda-ca
Page 701:
Polysaccharides 682 ANY OTHER RELEV
Page 704 and 705:
particularly potassium and calcium
Page 707 and 708:
Polysaccharides 688 NAME: Cellulose
Page 709 and 710:
Polysaccharides 690 NAME: Chitosan
Page 711 and 712:
Polysaccharides 692 NAME: Carboxyme
Page 713 and 714:
Polysaccharides 694 NAME: Dextran C
Page 715 and 716:
Polysaccharides 696 NAME: Furcellar
Page 717 and 718:
Polysaccharides 698 NAME: Gellan CA
Page 719 and 720:
Polysaccharides 700 NAME: Gum ghatt
Page 721 and 722:
Polysaccharides 702 NAME: Guar gum
Page 723 and 724:
Polysaccharides 704 NAME: Hydroxy e
Page 725 and 726:
Polysaccharides 706 NAME: Hydroxy p
Page 727 and 728:
Polysaccharides 708 NAME: Hydroxy p
Page 729 and 730:
Polysaccharides 710 NAME: Karaya gu
Page 731 and 732:
Polysaccharides 712 NAME: Locust be
Page 733 and 734:
Polysaccharides 714 NAME: Methyl ce
Page 735 and 736:
Polysaccharides 716 NAME: Methyl et
Page 737 and 738:
Polysaccharides 718 NAME: Microcrys
Page 739 and 740:
Polysaccharides 720 NAME: Pectin CA
Page 741 and 742:
Polysaccharides 722 NAME: Propylene
Page 743 and 744:
Polysaccharides 724 NAME: Potassium
Page 745 and 746:
Polysaccharides 726 NAME: Tragacant
Page 747 and 748:
Polysaccharides 728 NAME: Xanthan C
Page 750 and 751:
Part 11 Preservatives
Page 752 and 753:
PURITY %: >99 (anhydrous basis) WAT
Page 755 and 756:
Preservatives 736 NAME: Sodium sorb
Page 757:
Preservatives 738 LEGISLATION: USA:
Page 760 and 761:
PURITY %: >98 (anhydrous basis) WAT
Page 763 and 764:
Preservatives 744 NAME: Calcium sor
Page 765:
Preservatives 746 LEGISLATION: USA:
Page 768 and 769:
PURITY %: >99.5 (anhydrous basis) W
Page 771 and 772:
Preservatives 752 NAME: Sodium benz
Page 773:
Preservatives 754 ANY OTHER RELEVAN
Page 776 and 777:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Effecti
Page 778 and 779:
Page 780 and 781:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: pH opti
Page 783 and 784:
Preservatives 764 NAME: Propyl-4-hy
Page 785:
Preservatives 766 NAME: Propyl-4-hy
Page 788 and 789:
Page 791 and 792:
Preservatives 772 NAME: Sulphur dio
Page 793 and 794:
Preservatives 774 NAME: Sodium sulp
Page 795 and 796:
Preservatives 776 NAME: Sodium bisu
Page 797 and 798:
Preservatives 778 NAME: Sodium meta
Page 799 and 800:
Preservatives 780 NAME: Potassium m
Page 801 and 802:
Preservatives 782 NAME: Calcium sul
Page 803 and 804:
Preservatives 784 NAME: Calcium bis
Page 805 and 806:
Preservatives 786 NAME: Biphenyl CA
Page 807 and 808:
Preservatives 788 NAME: 2-Hydroxybi
Page 809:
Preservatives 790 NAME: Sodium o-ph
Page 813 and 814:
Preservatives 794 NAME: Nisin CATEG
Page 815:
Preservatives 796 NAME: Hexamethyle
Page 818 and 819:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: 2lb/100
Page 820 and 821:
ALTERNATIVES: Multifunctional, so r
Page 822 and 823:
LEGISLATION: USA: UK and EUROPE: CA
Page 824 and 825:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: 200ppm
Page 826 and 827:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: 1% (foo
Page 828 and 829:
Page 830 and 831:
Page 833 and 834:
Preservatives 814 NAME: Heptyl para
Page 836 and 837:
Part 12 Sequestrants
Page 838 and 839:
Page 840 and 841:
Page 842 and 843:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: Citrates may in
Page 844 and 845:
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: May cause gastr
Page 846 and 847:
ARSENIC CONTENT MAXIMUM IN ppm: 3 F
Page 848 and 849:
ALTERNATIVES: Citrates; pyrophospha
Page 850 and 851:
WATER CONTENT MAXIMUM IN %: 0.5 HEA
Page 853 and 854:
Sequestrants 834 NAME: Disodium eth
Page 855 and 856:
Sequestrants 836 NAME: Disodium pyr
Page 857 and 858:
Sequestrants 838 NAME: Glucono-delt
Page 859:
Sequestrants 840 NAME: Isopropyl ci
Page 862 and 863:
ALTERNATIVES: Sodium phosphates TEC
Page 864 and 865:
FUNCTION IN FOODS: Preserves colour
Page 866 and 867:
FUNCTION IN FOODS: Sequestrant, pH
Page 869 and 870:
Sequestrants 850 NAME: Sodium monoh
Page 871 and 872:
Sequestrants 852 NAME: Sodium polyp
Page 873 and 874:
Sequestrants 854 NAME: Sodium tartr
Page 875:
Sequestrants 856 NAME: Oxystearin C
Page 878 and 879:
Page 880 and 881:
Part 13 Solvents
Page 882 and 883:
Page 885 and 886:
Solvents 866 NAME: Acetylated monog
Page 887 and 888:
Solvents 868 NAME: Amyl acetate CAT
Page 889 and 890:
Solvents 870 NAME: Benzyl alcohol C
Page 891 and 892:
Solvents 872 NAME: 1,3-Butanediol C
Page 893 and 894:
Solvents 874 NAME: Castor oil CATEG
Page 895 and 896:
Solvents 876 NAME: Diethyl tartrate
Page 897 and 898:
Solvents 878 NAME: Ethanol CATEGORY
Page 899 and 900:
Solvents 880 NAME: Ethyl acetate CA
Page 901 and 902:
Solvents 882 NAME: Glycerin CATEGOR
Page 903:
Solvents 884 (UK and EUROPE: contd)
Page 906 and 907:
Page 908 and 909:
Page 910 and 911:
Page 912 and 913:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Soluble
Page 914 and 915:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Used as
Page 916 and 917:
Page 918:
Page 921 and 922:
Sweeteners 902 NAME: Acesulphame CA
Page 923 and 924:
Sweeteners 904 Disintegrant (e.g. l
Page 925 and 926:
Sweeteners 906 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
Page 927 and 928:
Sweeteners 908 - USSR Not permitted
Page 929:
Sweeteners 910 NAME: N-acetylglucos
Page 933 and 934:
Sweeteners 914 NAME: Aspartame CATE
Page 935 and 936:
Sweeteners 916 When used in soft dr
Page 937 and 938:
Sweeteners 918 Approved by FDA in 1
Page 939 and 940:
Sweeteners 920 (f ) If the food con
Page 941 and 942:
Sweeteners 922 Item A.A3, Table III
Page 943 and 944:
Sweeteners 924 NAME: Cyclamate CATE
Page 945 and 946:
Sweeteners 926 No browning reaction
Page 947 and 948:
Sweeteners 928 -West Germany 800 mg
Page 949:
Sweeteners 930 Budavari, S. (1996)
Page 952 and 953:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Does no
Page 954 and 955:
Herbs and seasonings, §170.3(n)(26
Page 957 and 958:
Sweeteners 938 NAME: Isomalt CATEGO
Page 959 and 960:
Sweeteners 940 NAME: Lactitol CATEG
Page 961:
Sweeteners 942 FOOD SAFETY ISSUES:
Page 964 and 965:
FUNCTION IN FOODS: Bulking agent, s
Page 966 and 967:
- In case material is released or s
Page 969 and 970:
Sweeteners 950 NAME: Mannitol CATEG
Page 971 and 972:
Sweeteners 952 Solubility: 1 g/5.5
Page 973:
Sweeteners 954 REFERENCES: Smith, J
Page 977 and 978:
Sweeteners 958 NAME: Saccharin CATE
Page 979 and 980:
Sweeteners 960 3:1 cyclamate :sacch
Page 981 and 982:
Sweeteners 962 101.11 Saccharin and
Page 983 and 984:
Sweeteners 964 - East Germany 20 to
Page 985:
Sweeteners 966 Canadian Food and Dr
Page 988 and 989:
MELTING RANGE IN °C: Crystalline:
Page 990 and 991:
Stability: stable to heat, chemical
Page 992 and 993:
- Granulation/concentration: 70% co
Page 994 and 995:
Humectant and stabiliser - good hum
Page 996 and 997:
LEGISLATION: USA: GRAS by US FASEB
Page 998 and 999:
CANADA: Canada FDR 67-29 -available
Page 1000 and 1001:
Hexahydric sugar alcohol; isomeric
Page 1002 and 1003:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: Steviol
Page 1004 and 1005:
OTHER COUNTRIES: Permitted for use
Page 1007 and 1008:
Sweeteners 988 NAME: Sucralose CATE
Page 1009 and 1010:
Sweeteners 990 (4) Desserts; desser
Page 1011 and 1012:
Sweeteners 992 NAME: Thaumatin CATE
Page 1013 and 1014:
Sweeteners 994 Interaction with tas
Page 1015 and 1016:
Sweeteners 996 (c) may have added t
Page 1017:
Sweeteners 998 100,000 times as swe
Page 1020 and 1021:
TECHNOLOGY OF USE IN FOODS: An affi
Page 1022:
REFERENCES: Smith, J. (1991) Food A
Page 1025 and 1026:
Index 1006 ammonium potassium phosp
Page 1027 and 1028:
Index 1008 CAS 9012-54-8, 402 CAS 9
Page 1029 and 1030:
Index 1010 edible oils and fats, ED
Page 1031 and 1032:
Index 1012 hydrogen peroxide oxidor
Page 1033 and 1034:
Index 1014 688, 690, 692, 694, 696,
Page 1035:
Index 1016 vitamin C, 606, 610, 614
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