Food additives data book - wordpres

Acidulants 42
The US Internal Revenue Service has specified the addition of malic acid to volatile fruit flavour
concentrates containing 6–15% alcohol to render these products non-potable during transportation from
manufacturer to winery.
SYNERGISTS: Malic acid acts synergistically with antioxidants to prevent rancidity.
FOOD SAFETY ISSUES: LD50 (mg/kg body weight) L malic acid. Rat 1,600 oral route. Rabbit 5,000 oral route.
LD50 (mg/kg body weight) sodium malate. Dog 1,000 oral route.
Acceptable daily intake for humans of malic acid is not limited for malic acid but is limited at
100 mg/kg for DL-malic acid. D and DL malic acids are not to be used in baby foods.
LEGISLATION: USA:
Malic acid: 9 CFR 318.7, 381.147; 21 CFR 131.111, 131.136, 131.144, Part 145, 146.113, 150.141,
150.161, 169.115, 169.140, 169.150, 184.1069; 27 CFR 24.182, 24.192, 24.246, 240.1051
REFERENCES: Budavari, S., O’Neill, M. J., Smith, A., and Heckelman, P. E. (1989) The Merck Index. 11th edn.,
Merck, Rahway, NJ.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (1995) Volumes 9 (U. S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]),
21 (Food and Drug Administration [FDA]), and 27 (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
[BATF]). Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, U. S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Deshpande, S. S., Salunkhe, D. K., and Deshpande, U. S. (1995) Food Acidulants. In: Maga, J. A.,
and A. T. Tu (Eds.), Food Additive Toxicology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Ch. 2.
Doores, S. (1990) pH Control Agents and Acidulants. In: Branen, A. L., Davidson, P. M., and
S. Salminen (Eds.), Food Additives. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 477–510.
Doores, S. (1993) Organic Acids. In: Davidson, P. M., and A. L. Branen (Eds.), Antimicrobials in
Foods, 2nd edn., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 95–136.
Food Chemicals Codex (1981) 3rd edn., Committee on Food Chemicals Codex, Food and Nutrition
Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington,
DC.