Post 2015: Global Action for an Inclusive and Sustainable Future

CHApTER TEn
For the post-2015
development
framework, it
is crucial to
recognise the
importance of
a transformative
agenda that
focuses much
more on the roles
of economic
production and
employment in
development
and poverty
eradication.
And the agenda
needs to be more
purposeful about
tackling both
inclusiveness and
sustainability.
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In sum, what is clear from the research that has
informed this report is that the overall vision of
the Declaration remains very relevant and that it is
important to continue to pursue its implementation
beyond 2015. It is an agreed foundation that
commands wide international support. In addition,
the mDG formula has in many ways shown its value
as a tool for pursuing this agenda, and it is therefore
appropriate to continue to use a similar approach
in building on its momentum. at the same time
achieving the vision of the Declaration requires
going further than the mDGs.
10.1.2 Anchoring the global framework in
reality: the country case studies
a prime consideration for a new global framework
is that it must support the efforts of developing
countries to promote development and eradicate
poverty. this report has drawn on four
commissioned country case studies (chapter 2).
two of these countries – peru and côte d’Ivoire
– are mIcs, although the former is a umIc and
the latter a lmIc, while the other two – nepal
and rwanda – are both lIcs and lDcs. all four
countries have experienced periods of fragility
and conflict over the past 15–20 years. although
it would be impossible to generalise based on such
a small sample, between them, these countries
provide a set of different cases that do to some
extent characterise the range of circumstances that
a new global framework should expect to address.
From a country perspective, it is clear that the
mDG framework and the increased oDa it has
brought have been very important for nepal,
rwanda and also for côte d’Ivoire; although, in
the latter case, it was more as a factor that enabled
the government to normalise its governance
arrangements and consolidate external support.
• In Nepal, the government has lacked stability
and, without a strong national consensus, it was
less able to steer the country’s development. the
mDGs are espoused but not effectively pursued.
EuropEan rEport on DEvElopmEnt 2013
Donors have focused on the social sectors,
keeping the reins firmly in their own hands, and
the private sector has been reluctant to invest. as
a result, the government has little policy space.
With stagnant economic growth providing few
employment prospects, substantial migration
has created sufficient remittance revenue to
boost the country’s performance against the
mDGs.
• The government of Rwanda has pursued a strong
developmental path that clearly integrates the
mDGs. this has been well supported by donors
largely aligning behind its policies and tending
to use more predictable forms of funding
that allow the government greater policy
space, though recent differences with donors
demonstrate how even this predictability has
its limits. Growth has been promising and
the government has started to mobilise more
domestic resources.
• Côte d’Ivoire, with a tradition of an open and
liberalised economy, has been damaged both
by the fall in commodity prices affecting its
major exports and by government instability.
although it has maintained important levels
of fiscal revenue throughout these crises,
continuing donor support has also been
needed to fill the resource gap and help restore
confidence. Government planners continue to
see the mDGs as a useful framework, in part
because they provide a degree of continuity
and help to ensure donor support through
a troubled period. Inequalities and major
social and ethnic divides are serious concerns
alongside the urgent need to restore confidence
and growth.
• Peru, after a period of internal conflict in
the 1980s and 1990s, has built a national
consensus for development and pursued a clear
developmental path. the mDGs came after
this national consensus was already established