Post 2015: Global Action for an Inclusive and Sustainable Future

the case study report suggests that nepal would be
keen to see stronger donor commitments to increase
oDa and to implement the internationally agreed
principles of aid and development effectiveness
(through the HlFs), especially country ownership,
alignment and harmonisation. the international
community should also recognise the change in
the aid landscape and develop a precise definition
of innovative development finance in addition
to the traditional oDa relationship. the nepal
case study, for instance, refers to the potential
for raising additional finance through climatefinancing
provisions. In terms of the distribution
of funding the nepal case studies notes that more
resources should be directed to productive sectors
such as agriculture or infrastructure development.
It further highlights the considerable levels of illicit
capital flight, and therefore proposes that tracking
and monitoring of cross-border money transfers to
control illicit money transfers be placed on the post-
2015 agenda. the case study views FDI as a critical
component of development finance in a post-2015
framework. thus donors should be encouraged to
consider measures to leverage development finance
that promote exports to and facilitate FDI from
their respective countries. Investment goals and
targets could be established.
Specific constraints faced by lDcs should be
considered in a post-2015 context, such as a vertical
‘lDc integration Fund’ in the trade realm.
the nepal study calls for a stronger commitment
to enhance the development potential of migration
and to reduce the social and other negative
consequences. thus migration should be identified
as a development issue in the post-2015 context, both
in its economic and its social/rights dimensions.
part of the effort to ensure better treatment
of migrants should include the ratification of
international conventions on the protection of the
rights of migrants. better cooperation and capacity
building in the countries of origin and transit is
another area where the post-2015 framework could
contribute. nepal also welcomes initiatives in the
field of remittances.
Finally, the case study proposes science and technology
as an important additional area of concern
toward improving future development prospects.
2.Rwanda
2.1 Development trajectories, political
settlements and fragility
Following the devastating effects of the 1994
Genocide, rwanda has made remarkable progress
over the past decade. Since 2000, rwanda has
achieved strong economic growth with per capita
GDp increasing by more than 160% from $225 in
2000 to $595 in 2011.
the post-genocide political settlement, marked by
an initial military victory of the rwanda patriotic
Front (rpF), was characterised by centralised control
of economic rents. booth and Golooba-mutebi (2011,
2012) categorise this political survival strategy
in rwanda as developmental patrimonialism, but
without the high level of corruption that is usually
associated with patrimonial structures. the control
of the sources of economic rents (see chapter 2)
seems to be effectively centralised and deployed in
ways that correspond to a long-term development
vision that prioritises the provision of public goods
and services. the government has shown a high level
of commitment to fostering national reconciliation
and undertaking institutional reform. the pledge for
good governance forms one of the three pillars of the
country’s medium-term development strategy, the
EDprS-1. In this regard, the rwandan experience
contrasts with patterns in other parts of africa,
in which political leaders distribute rent-seeking
opportunities to a narrow group of supporters as a
means of ensuring their own survival.
the rwandan political elite, by contrast, is
building broad-based support and demonstrating
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