Post 2015: Global Action for an Inclusive and Sustainable Future

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InTRODuCTIOn 8 Table 2. Levels of ambition and differing outcomes BROADENING INSTRUMENTS ‘BEYOND AID’ Same goals but more instruments EuropEan rEport on DEvElopmEnt 2013 Modest Outcome BROADENING OBJECTIVES ‘BEYOND MDGs’ Ambitious outcome More goals but same instruments
contribute to a global framework for development and four case studies are used to provide evidence from developing countries. 8 nepal, rwanda, côte d’Ivoire and peru, though not intended as a representative sample, were chosen to present a range of development patterns and experiences with the mDGs, and very different links with the global economy, international cooperation and the Eu. the report is structured in three parts each with three chapters. a final chapter summarises the conclusions and recommendations. Part I looks at the experience of the mDGs to date from different angles. First, it examines the global experience of the mDGs and what lessons can be drawn from their use as an overarching framework for the reduction of global poverty. It then focuses on the experience of the mDGs in four developing countries based on the conclusions of the case studies conducted in nepal, rwanda, côte d’Ivoire and peru. their experience is looked at in terms of external and domestic drivers of or barriers to change and development. a third chapter explores the responses of developed countries to the mDGs, with, as an example, an analysis of the Eu’s role in supporting their achievement. Part II considers how the world has changed since the millennium Declaration was agreed and the mDGs devised and adopted. a first step is to look at changes in the political economy of international cooperation with Southern actors growing in importance, the part played by developing countries themselves, and the changing role that traditional donors are likely to play given recent trends in their own economies. It also considers changing global patterns of poverty and the role of research in improving the global understanding of poverty and development thinking over the past decade. a third chapter considers future demographic, economic, social and environmental trends and the challenges that a new global framework may therefore need to address. Part III focuses on the possible basis for a new global partnership for development by looking at three key aspects of global partnership – namely, flows of money, goods and people – and the international environment these create in relation to the ability of developing countries to pursue their own development priorities. these are considered in three thematic chapters on development finance, trade and investment, and labour migration that examine their existing and potential impact on poverty reduction respectively, and look at the international policies that govern them. the concluding chapter discusses the basis for a potential new global framework in terms of the ‘beyond mDGs’ and ‘beyond aid’ dimensions. In other words, what a new post-2015 global development framework might usefully encompass in terms of its objectives and instruments. How, for instance, might the objective be broadened to more adequately promote inclusive and sustainable development (ISD) and what other financial and policy instruments might complement oDa? the conclusions also seek to bring together ideas identified throughout the report on what the Eu might contribute to international cooperation in the future, especially in a context of continued financial austerity. In line with its existing commitment to policy coherence for Development, the Eu’s contribution is considered not just in relation to oDa but also in terms of its policies in other spheres that have an external impact, and in its contributions to global public goods (GpGs). 8 the case studies were commissioned from national research institutes in each county. a short summary of each of the case studies is provided at the end of the report and the full case studies are published on the ErD website. rwanda and nepal are lIcs and lDcs, while côte d’Ivoire is a lmIc. all three are oDa recipients. In contrast, peru is a umIc and receives little oDa (see table 2.2 in chapter 2 for basic comparative indicators). While the Eu has fairly strong links with the two african countries, these are weaker in nepal and peru. all four countries are experiencing the growing influence of non-traditional donors such as brazil, china and India. poSt-2015: Global actIon For an IncluSIvE anD SuStaInablE FuturE Nepal, Rwanda, Côte d’Ivoire and Peru were chosen to present a range of development patterns and experiences with the MDGs. 9
Page 1 and 2: EUROPEAN REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT 2013
Page 3 and 4: MOBILISING EUROPEAN RESEARCH FOR DE
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD The development road we ha
Page 7 and 8: ACknOWlEDgEmEnT The European report
Page 9 and 10: TAblE OF COnTEnTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 9. PEOPLE: LABOUR MIGRATION
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5.2 Evolution of depth of po
Page 15 and 16: EITI Extractive Industries transpar
Page 17 and 18: PSG peace-building and state-buildi
Page 19 and 20: mainly countries in Europe, north a
Page 21 and 22: ExEcutivE Summary poSt-2015: Global
Page 23 and 24: ExECuTIvE SummARy poSt-2015: Global
Page 25 and 26: poSt-2015: Global actIon For an Inc
Page 37 and 38: THE DEPLOYMENT OF A BROAD RANGE OF
Page 39 and 40: introduction poSt-2015: Global actI
Page 41 and 42: 2. The case for global collective a
Page 43 and 44: upon in order to promote a developm
Page 45: to achieve inclusive and sustainabl
Page 49 and 50: Part i. KEEPing thE PromiSE of thE
Page 51 and 52: mortality, and clean water and sani
Page 53 and 54: Table 1.2 Non-income MDGs, 1990-201
Page 55 and 56: Several regions significantly reduc
Page 57 and 58: Figure 1.1 Sectoral allocation of b
Page 59 and 60: of tailored objectives that are ins
Page 61 and 62: policy discourse. In particular, th
Page 63 and 64: processes and implementation arrang
Page 65 and 66: NEPAL RWANDA COTE D’IVOIRE PERU E
Page 67 and 68: • Nepal after over 200 years as a
Page 69 and 70: Box 2.3 Côte d’Ivoire’s MDG ac
Page 71 and 72: Declaration and the mDGs, and were
Page 73 and 74: drive or obstruct poverty-reduction
Page 75 and 76: Driven by political survival and co
Page 77 and 78: oader political processes in which
Page 79 and 80: incentive structures within which e
Page 81 and 82: partners: their capacities as donor
Page 83 and 84: Box 2.9 Fragility - Country case ex
Page 85 and 86: towards the achievement of the mDGs
Page 87 and 88: 3.2 The EU’s role in advancing th
Page 89 and 90: at the 2010 mDG Summit, un member s
Page 91 and 92: adopted by individual governments,
Page 93 and 94: discussions on pcD are not based on
Page 95 and 96: Part ii. thE changing contExt for a
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Figure 4.1 Changing global power 20
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crops (ErD, 2012). at the same time
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egimes, and donor-driven aid condit
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for an Eu position to be agreed ahe
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of people living in extreme income
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the mDGs needs to concentrate on th
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deprivation, whether directly or th
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has been declining since the early
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vulnerability (ErD 2012). this repo
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a set of global development goals i
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need to focus on eradicating existi
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27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 15 12.5 10 7.5
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105 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
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due to the so-called arab Spring in
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moreover, migration policy can shap
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the Eu and 9% for the uSa. these sh
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accumulation patterns (from 35% of
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Table 6.1 Poverty projections expec
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6.3.1 Atmosphere and global warming
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supports ecosystem services that pr
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about 70% (mainly led by china, Ind
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scarcity leads to high and volatile
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ECONOMY DEMOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT NEUT
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Part iii. drivErS of thE global Par
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Current USD Billions Current USD Bi
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global financial crisis has reduced
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lmIcs and lIcs (oEcD, 2011b). Figur
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Box 7.1 Efforts to increase tax rev
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While SSc is not new, it has receiv
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India (de Jesus, 2012). there has b
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levels of formal education. third,
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While the mobilisation of funds fro
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Box 7.4 EU blending facilities Sinc
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Box 7.5 The toolbox of innovative f
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Figure 7.8 Net capital flows to dev
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which are many in developed countri
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and financial inclusion (Deuchert a
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Box 7.8 Implications for post-2015
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a means to reach development goals
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PREDICTABILITY ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENC
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this chapter first looks at some of
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social development, largely fuelled
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Box 8.1 Joining the flying geese Ka
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these structural shifts in the driv
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traditional donors and investors, c
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1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Sou
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Figure 8.2 Share of primary commodi
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Box 8.2 Political economy of commod
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achieve results. With regard to tra
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in turn is highly dependent on Eu p
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productive capacity through value-a
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economies are structurally marginal
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impede exports to Eu, which are inc
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fair access to and equitable distri
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lDcs to foster trade growth and ach
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the role for trade and investment p
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labour migration produces remittanc
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the 2008 global financial crisis le
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Macro-economic impact International
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Social impact and psychological wel
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labour during that period. this pro
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Millions 10.4 4 N 3 2 1 0 Mexico-US
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migration programmes (tmps) are usu
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date, four mobility partnerships ha
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labour organization (Ilo) refers to
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workers, point to areas of concern
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9.5.2 Mode IV in the WTO the Wto’
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9.6.2 What a post-2015 framework sh
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concluSionS and rEcommEndationS Thi
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‘how’). this chapter also consi
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and so do not figure much in the go
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tackling global challenges. While s
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10.3.1 Poverty eradication as part
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Box 10.1 Economic and social inclus
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Box 10.2 Youth Employment About 85%
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International development partners
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at the multilateral level, the link
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• South-South Cooperation resourc
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information and evaluation initiati
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for consultative processes to take
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e added later. Equally it would be
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- such as their size and geographic
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(com, 2011). the aid-effectiveness
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Box 10.5 Areas for EU support: Reco
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there will need to be a continuing
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poSt-2015: Global actIon For an Inc
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unrISD (2010) Combating Poverty and
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moore, m. (2011) ‘The Governance
Page 273 and 274:
Chapter 4 birdsall, n. (2012) ‘Th
Page 275 and 276:
Kharas, H. and rogerson, a. (2012)
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Kharas, H. and rogerson, a. (2012)
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cobham, a. (2012) ‘tax Havens and
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lall, r. (2011) ‘reforming Global
Page 283 and 284:
unDp (2012) ‘What Is South-South
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Fine, b. (2009) ‘neoliberalism in
Page 287 and 288:
Sindzingre, a. (2009) ‘The impact
Page 289 and 290:
chanda, r. (2004) Movement and Pres
Page 291 and 292:
Kouadio, E.K., ouattara, Y. and Sou
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un-InStraW and SaIIa (2007) Gender,
Page 295 and 296:
Winters, a. and martins, p. (2004)
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poSt-2015: Global actIon For an Inc
Page 299 and 300:
Goals and Targets (from the Millenn
Page 301 and 302:
Goals and Targets (from the Millenn
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conflict assessment, which also del
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the case study report suggests that
Page 307 and 308:
in rwanda compared to an average of
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large educated class. Immigration w
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administration, with greater autono
Page 313 and 314:
example, in low increases in tax ef
Page 315 and 316:
AnnEx 3 - CORE pRInCIplES FOR InvES
Page 320:
MOBILISING EUROPEAN RESEARCH FOR DE
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Post 2015: Global Action for an Inclusive and Sustainable Future

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