Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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5.3 Results and Discussion 5.3.1 Cure characteristics Use of nano zinc oxide in chloroprene rubber Table 5.2 Torque values of gum and filled compounds Property C – 1 C – 2 C – 3 C-4 C – 5 C – 6 C – 7 C-8 C –9 C- 10 Min torque (dNm) 0.163 0.177 0.177 0.182 0.506 0.402 0.333 0.385 0.297 0.235 Max torque (dNm) 2.605 2.713 2.707 2.48 6.041 5.964 6.240 5.32 4.835 5.423 ∆Torque (dNm) 2.442 2.536 2.530 2.29 5.535 5.562 5.907 4.93 4.538 5.188 Torque values of gum and filled compounds with ZnO(c), ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) are shown in Table 5.2. Compared to the torque values of filled and gum CR compounds with 2phr and 5phr conventional ZnO, it is found that compound with 5phr conventional ZnO (C-1) shows better torque values than compound with 2phr conventional ZnO compound (C-4). The torque values of filled and gum CR compounds, with 2phr ZnO(p) and 2phr ZnO(s) are equivalent with the torque values of compounds with 5phr ZnO(c). Comparing the torque values of C– 6, C– 7, C– 9 and C–10, the torque values of C-6 and C-7 compounds are better than the torque values of C-9 and C-10 compounds. So 2phr ZnO(p) and 2phr ZnO(s) are selected as the optimum dosage of compounds that can give better reinforcement compared to 1phr ZnO(p) and 1phr ZnO(s). Table 5.3 Cure behaviour of gum and filled compounds Property C– 1 C– 2 C– 3 C-4 C- 5 C– 6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 Scorch time (tS2),min Optimum cure time (t90), min Cure rate index (100/t90– tS2) 12.96 12.67 12.96 14.60 4.02 4.53 4.36 4.03 3.98 3.58 17.53 17.04 17.26 19.80 19.29 19.70 19.60 22.41 20.31 21.12 21.88 22.88 23.25 19.20 6.54 6.59 6.56 5.44 6.12 5.70 94
Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (min) Figure 5.1 Cure graph of neoprene compounds CR-ZnO(c ) 5phr gum CR-ZnO(p) 2phr gum CR-ZnO(s) 2phr gum CR-ZnO(c ) 5phr filled CR-ZnO(p) 2phr filled CR-ZnO(s) 2phr filled CR-ZnO(p) 1phr filled Cr-ZnO(s) 1phr filled Cure behaviour of gum and filled compounds are given in the Table 5.3 and in figure 5.1. Compared to the cure values of filled and gum compounds with 2phr and 5phr conventional ZnO, it is found that compounds with 5phr conventional ZnO show better cure values than with 2phr conventional ZnO. Similarly the cure values of filled compounds with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) show better cure values than with 1phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s). The cure values of gum and filled compounds with 2phr ZnO(p) and 2phr ZnO(s) are equivalent to the compounds with 5phr conventional ZnO(c). This indicates composites with very low dosage of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) show equivalent cure characteristics as composite with higher dosage of conventional ZnO(c).
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
Page 57 and 58: Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
Page 59 and 60: Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
Page 75 and 76: Preparation and characterization of
Page 77 and 78: 3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
Page 79 and 80: Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
Page 89 and 90: Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
Page 101 and 102: Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104: 4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
Page 133 and 134: Use of antioxidant modified precipi
Page 139 and 140: Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
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Use of antioxidant modified precipi
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7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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Rubber compounding Products from ri
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Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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