Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 7 128 The number of flex cycles required for crack initiation was noted and it is comparatively high for antioxidant modified silica vulcanizates, indicating that antioxidant modification improves the distribution of antioxidant and silica in rubber. Reinforcing index Reinforcing index (RI) values of NR vulcanizates are given in the figure 7.2. Reinforcing index is calculated using the equation RI = (N/No)× (100/mfiller content) where N and No are the nominal values of the mechanical property (tensile strength) measurement for the sample filled with and without silica respectively. 20 Reinforcing index (%) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 E-1 E-2 F-1 F-2 G-1 G-2 Composite Figure.7.2 Reinforcing index of NR vulcanizates The values of antioxidant modified silica vulcanizates are comparable with that of neat silica vulcanizates. This shows that antioxidant modified silica filled vulcanizates have reinforcing capacity equivalent to that of neat silica filled vulcanizates.
Crosslink density Use of antioxidant modified precipitated silica in natural rubber, chloroprene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber The crosslink density of vulcanizates with antioxidant modified silica and with neat silica is shown in figure 7.3. It is seen that the antioxidant (IPPD) modified silica has better value. The increased crosslink density of antioxidant modified silica filled vulcanizates indicates a better adhesion between the rubber and silica particles. Heat build-up Crosslink Density (mol/g) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 E-1 E-2 Composite Figure.7.3 Crosslink density of vulcanizates Heat build-up values of vulcanizates with antioxidant modified silica and with neat silica are shown in Table 7.6. Table 7.6 Heat build-up values of vulcanizates Vulcanizates Heat build-up (∆T)°C E-1 19.7 E-2 26.8 Heat build-up value for vulcanizate filled with antioxidant modified silica is lesser than vulcanizate filled with neat silica. Friction between the 129
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
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3.6 References Preparation and char
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Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
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Page 101 and 102: Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104: 4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
Page 133 and 134: Use of antioxidant modified precipi
Page 139 and 140: Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 141: Use of antioxidant modified precipi
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
Page 163 and 164: Products from rice husk as filler i
Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
Page 173 and 174: 8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
Page 183 and 184: . Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
Page 185 and 186: 8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
Page 187 and 188: Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
Page 189 and 190: Summary and Conclusion compounds an
Page 191 and 192: ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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