Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Use of nano zinc oxide in styrene butadiene rubber comparable to vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c). Elongation at break is found to be less for vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s). This indicates that smaller particle size of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) leads to an improved distribution in the SBR matrix. Other mechanical properties Mechanical properties like hardness, compression set, abrasion loss, heat build-up and flex resistance of filled vulcanizates are given in the Table 6.5. Composite Table 6.5 Mechanical properties of SBR filled composites Hardness (Shore A) Compression set (%) Abrasion loss (cc/hr) Heat build up ( ∆ T) 0 C Flex resistance (k cycle ) S-5 69 22.85 2.64 12.9 28.23 S-6 69 21.73 2.55 11.5 38.39 S-7 69 20.45 2.60 8.8 40.29 S-8 65 24.00 3.08 13.2 26.32 The mechanical properties for filled vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c) are superior compared to vulcanizate with 2phr ZnO(c). Vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) showed better abrasion resistance, compression set and flex resistance compared to vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c). This may be due to smaller particle size of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s). Hardness values are comparable with the conventional ZnO vulcanizates. Heat build-up values are low for vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) vulcanizates. Reinforcing index Reinforcing index values of SBR vulcanizates with respect to tensile strength are given in the Table 6.6. 112
Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing index of SBR vulcanizates Vulcanizates Reinforcing index (%) S-5 13.79 S-6 13.96 S-7 14.04 S-8 12.61 Vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c) showed better reinforcing index values compared to vulcanizate with 2phr ZnO(c). Reinforcing index values of vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) are slightly increased with that of vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c). This shows that low dosage of ZnO(p), ZnO(s) have improved reinforcing capacity compared to that of higher dosage of conventional ZnO(c). 6.3.4 Swelling studies Crosslink density Crosslink densities of filled vulcanizates of SBR are given in Table 6.7. Swelling of the vulcanized samples was done in toluene and crosslink densities were calculated using Flory-Rehner equation. 9 Table 6.7 Crosslink density of filled SBR vulcanizates Composite Crosslink density × 10 -5 moles /g S-5 7.16 S-6 7.28 S-7 7.36 It can be seen that the vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) showed better crosslink density compared to vulcanizate with 5phr conventional ZnO.
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
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Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
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Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
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Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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