Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...
Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...
Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...
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Experimental Techniques <strong>and</strong> Materials <strong>use</strong>d<br />
c<strong>on</strong>trolled <strong>in</strong>strument that permits <strong>the</strong> measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> weight changes <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> sample material as a functi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> temperature. The sample placed <strong>in</strong> a<br />
temperature programmed furnace is subjected to temperatures <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> ranges<br />
30°C to 800°C with a heat<strong>in</strong>g rate <strong>of</strong> 10°C/m<strong>in</strong>ute <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> corresp<strong>on</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g<br />
weight changes were noted with <strong>the</strong> help <strong>of</strong> an ultra sensitive microbalance.<br />
Air <strong>and</strong> nitrogen were <strong>use</strong>d as purge gases.<br />
2.2.9 Differential scann<strong>in</strong>g calorimetry<br />
Differential scann<strong>in</strong>g calorimetry (DSC Q 100, TA <strong>in</strong>struments)<br />
equipped with a RCS cool<strong>in</strong>g system was employed to study <strong>the</strong><br />
crystallizati<strong>on</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>nano</strong>composites. Heat flow, i.e., heat<br />
absorpti<strong>on</strong> or heat emissi<strong>on</strong>, per unit volume, is measured for <strong>the</strong> sample <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> result is compared with that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmally <strong>in</strong>ert reference. Indium was<br />
<strong>use</strong>d for temperature calibrati<strong>on</strong>. The sample weight was around 5mg.<br />
2.2.10 Characterizati<strong>on</strong> techniques<br />
Transmissi<strong>on</strong> Electr<strong>on</strong> Microscope<br />
The morphology <strong>and</strong> particle size <strong>of</strong> <strong>z<strong>in</strong>c</strong> <strong>oxide</strong> <strong>and</strong> mesoporous <strong>silica</strong><br />
were observed us<strong>in</strong>g transmissi<strong>on</strong> electr<strong>on</strong> microscope (TEM). The<br />
transmissi<strong>on</strong> electr<strong>on</strong> microscope (TEM) images were taken <strong>on</strong> a JEOL GEM<br />
3010 transmissi<strong>on</strong> electr<strong>on</strong> microscope operat<strong>in</strong>g at 300 KV.<br />
X–ray powder diffracti<strong>on</strong> studies<br />
X–ray powder diffracti<strong>on</strong> (XRD) was <strong>use</strong>d to characterize <strong>the</strong> <strong>z<strong>in</strong>c</strong><br />
<strong>oxide</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>silica</strong> powders. Bruker, D8 advance rotaflex diffracti<strong>on</strong> meter us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
CuK α radiati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> λ = 1.5406 A° was <strong>use</strong>d.<br />
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