Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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6.5 References Use of nano zinc oxide in styrene butadiene rubber 1. R.Galle–Gutbrecht, Presented at the International Rubber Conference (IRC), Prague, Czech Republic, July 2002. 2. P.J. Nieuwenhuizen, Thesis, University of Laiden,1998. 3. M.R.Kresja, J.LKoenig, “The nature of sulfur vulcanization” in Elastometer Technology Handbook, CRC Press, New Jersey, 1993, 475. 4. A.Y.Coran, “Vulcanization in Science and Technology of rubber,” E.r.Eirich, Ed., Academic Press San Diego, 1978, 291. 5. B.Saville, A.A.Watson, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1967, 40,100. 6. F.W.H.Kruger, W.J.Mc Gill, J.Appl. Polym.Sci., 1991, 42, 265. 7. N.J.Morrison, M.Porter, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1984, 57, 63. 8. Borodina and A.Nikitan “Technological Properties of Synthetic rubbers of USSR – Manufacture” 1952, Goskhimigdat. 9. P.J Flory and J.Rehner, J.chem Phys., 1943, 11,512. ******** 118
Use of antioxidant modified precipitated silica in natural rubber, chloroprene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber 7.1 Introduction VÉÇàxÇàá 7.1 Introduction Part- A Use of antioxidant modified silica in natural rubber 7.2 Experimental 7.3 Results and discussion Part- B Use of antioxidant modified silica in chloroprene rubber 7.4 Experimental 7.5 Results and discussion Part - C Use of antioxidant modified silica in styrene butadiene rubber 7.6 Experimental 7.7 Results and discussion 7.8 Conclusions 7.9 References Incorporation of precipitated silica in rubber is quite different from that of carbon black. Carbon black is reinforcing filler for hydrocarbon rubbers. 1 Since both are hydrophobic substances, mixing and reinforcement problems do not usually arise when these two are mixed. Precipitated silica, which is of mineral origin is one of the most promising alternatives to carbon black as for as reinforcement is concerned. Precipitated silica is used as reinforcing filler and have particle sizes as small as the carbon black besides an extremely reactive surface. 2 Different types of synthetic silica are; precipitated, pyrogenic, aerogels and hydrogels. Of these varieties, precipitated silica and pyrogenic (fumed) silica are being used for elastomer reinforcement. 3 Pyrogenic silica is too active and expensive. Precipitated silica is a promising non-black filler for rubber vulcanizates. It can be used to
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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Page 83 and 84: Preparation and characterization of
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
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Page 101 and 102: Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104: 4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Page 139 and 140: Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
Page 163 and 164: Products from rice husk as filler i
Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
Page 173 and 174: 8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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