Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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2.3 References Experimental Techniques and Materials used 1. P.S.S. Babu, K.S Gopalakrishnan and J. Jacob, In: ‘Natural Rubber; Agro management and crop processing’ Eds, P.J.George, C.K.Jacob, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam, 2000, CH.24, 434. 2. A. Subramanyam, Proc. of. R.R.LM. Planter’s conference, 1971, Kuala Lumpur, 255. 3. Jean L. Leblanc and Marie Cartault, J Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 80 (11), 2093 – 2104. 4. S.Wolff, M.J.Wang, E.H Tan, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1993, 66, 163. 5. Annual Book of ASTM standards, 2000. 6. A.R. Payne, W.E Whittaker, Rubber. Chem. Technol., 1971, 44, 440. 7. B.Ellis and P.M Sanderson, J. Chem. Soc., 1972, 3240. 8. B.Ellis and P.M Sanderson, Rubb. Chem. Technol., 1964, 37, 571. 9. P.J.Florey and J. Rehner, J.chem. Phys., 1943, 11, 512. 10. P.J.Florey, J. chem. Phys., 1950, 18,108. 11. Betty L. Lopez, Leon Dario Perez, Monica Mesa, Liigia Sierra, Eric Devaux, Mauricio Camargo, Christine Campagne, Stephane Giraud, e- polymers, 2005, No, 018. ******** 60
Preparation and characterization of zinc oxide VÉÇàxÇàá 3.1 Introduction 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Experimental 3.3 Characterization of zinc oxide 3.4 Results and discussion 3.5 Conclusions 3.6 References Nanocrystalline materials may be considered as the challenge of this age. Intensive investigations were stimulated for several applications for these new classes of materials. Zinc oxides of particle size in nanometer range have been paid more attention for their unique properties. They are widely used for solar energy conversion, non-linear optics, catalysis, varistors, pigments, gas sensors, cosmetics etc. 1-10 As a wide band gap semiconductor, ZnO has been widely studied in varistors, transparent conductors, transparent U.V. protection films, chemical sensors and so on. 11-14 Zinc oxide in combination with stearic acid is used as activator for sulphur-vulcanization of elastomers. In addition to its role as an activator, there are also evidences that the inclusion of ZnO in the compound brings also other benefits such as reduction in heat build–up, improvement of abrasion resistance and heat resistance of the vulcanizates and their resistance to dynamic loading 15 helps to dissipate local heat concentrations in rubber products. Zinc oxide is a necessary ingredient in rubber compounds for bonding rubber to the reinforcing steel cord etc.
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
Page 25 and 26: Introduction The polymers are prepa
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Page 31 and 32: Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
Page 33 and 34: Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
Page 37 and 38: Introduction especially glass and c
Page 39 and 40: Introduction properties, filler cha
Page 41 and 42: Introduction coupling agent in sili
Page 43 and 44: Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
Page 45 and 46: Introduction It has been reported t
Page 47 and 48: Introduction The external manifesta
Page 49 and 50: Introduction concern for a clean en
Page 51 and 52: 12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
Page 53 and 54: 41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
Page 55 and 56: Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
Page 57 and 58: Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
Page 59 and 60: Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
Page 73: Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
Page 77 and 78: 3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
Page 79 and 80: Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
Page 81 and 82: Preparation and characterization of
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Page 85 and 86: 3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
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Page 101 and 102: Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104: 4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
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Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
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Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
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Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Use of antioxidant modified precipi
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Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
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Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
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Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
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Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
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7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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Rubber compounding Products from ri
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Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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