Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Use of nano zinc oxide in styrene butadiene rubber Figure 6.4(a) shows the variation in tensile strength of the vulcanizates with time of ageing at 100°C. The vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) show fairly good resistance to ageing at 100°C compared to those containing 5phr conventional ZnO. Figure 6.4(b) shows the modulus of the vulcanizates with time of ageing. The increase in modulus after ageing may be due to increase in crosslink density. During thermal ageing crosslink formation or crosslink breakage can take place or an existing crosslink may break and a stable linkage can be formed. All these changes greatly influence the performance of the vulcanizates. Tensile modulus of vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and 2phr ZnO(s) are superior compared to vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c). Figure 6.4(c) shows the change in elongation at break of the vulcanizates with time of ageing. Vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) showed better retention in elongation at break after ageing. This again shows that vulcanizates with ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) can improve the ageing resistance of SBR vulcanizates. Figure 6.4(d) shows the tear strength of the vulcanizates with time of ageing at 100°C. Retention in tear strength of the vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) after ageing is superior than to vulcanizate with 5phr conventional ZnO. The above results indicate that low dosage of ZnO(p), ZnO(s) can improve the tensile properties of vulcanizates compared to higher dosage of ZnO(c) vulcanizate. 116
Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gum and filled composites with 5phr conventional ZnO (S-1 and S-5) have better cure characteristics, tensile properties and other technological properties compared to composites with 2phr ZnO(c). 2. Filled composites with 2phr ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) (S-6 and S-7) showed better cure characteristics and tensile properties compared to composites with 1phr ZnO(p) and 1phr ZnO(s) (S-9 and S-10). 3. Compounds with low dosage (2phr) of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) showed similar cure characteristics as that with high dosage (5phr) of conventional ZnO(c). 4. Tensile properties of composites with optimum dosage of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) are comparable to vulcanizates with 5phr ZnO(c). 5. Compression set, abrasion loss, heat build-up values are low for vulcanizates with optimum dosage of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s). 6. Retention in tensile properties of the vulcanizates with low dosage of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) after thermal ageing is superior compared to vulcanizate with 5phr conventional ZnO. 7. Crosslink density of composite with optimum dosage of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) are slightly higher than vulcanizates with 5phr conventional ZnO. 8. The swelling index values are found to be equivalent for gum and filled vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p), 2phr ZnO(s) and 5phr ZnO(c).
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
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Page 127 and 128: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
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Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
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Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
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Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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