Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Preface Nanotechnology is now recognized as one of the most promising areas of technological development in the 21 st century. In materials research, the development of polymer nanocomposites is rapidly emerging as a multidisciplinary research area which can broaden the applications of polymers to the great benefit of many different industries. Polymer nanocomposites are polymers that have been reinforced with small quantities of nano-sized particles which have high aspect ratios. In contrast to conventional composites, where the reinforcing filler size is of the order of microns, polymer nanocomposites are exemplified by reinforcing fillers of the order of few nanometers. The large surface area in this nanosize filler can introduce dramatic improvement in properties. Contents of the thesis The main objective of the study was to upgrade the performance of rubber products (1) by reducing amounts of zinc oxide and (2) by modifying silica for easy incorporation in rubber. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. A comprehensive introduction and review of literature pertaining to composites, nanoparticles and the various ingredients added during rubber compounding are presented in Chapter 1. The scope and objectives of the study are also presented in this chapter. The specifications of the materials and details of the experimental techniques used in this study are given in Chapter 2. Preparation and characterization of nano zinc oxides (ZnO(p) and ZnO(s)) are presented in Chapter 3. The use of nano zinc oxide in natural rubber compounds and their vulcanizates is given in Chapter 4. Use of zinc oxides (ZnO(p) and ZnO(s)) in typical polar synthetic rubber (polychloroprene) compounds and their vulcanizates is given in Chapter 5.
The use of prepared zinc oxides as activator in a typical non polar synthetic rubber (styrene butadiene rubber) is presented in Chapter 6. Modification of precipitated silica surface with antioxidants (derivatives of p-phenylenediamines) and the effect of the use of modified silica in comparison to unmodified silica in natural rubber, polychloroprene and styrene butadiene rubber compounds and their vulcanizates are presented in Chapter 7. Preparation and characterization of mesoporous silica and rice husk silica from low cost silica source are presented in Chapter 8. The use of modified mesoporous silica and modified rice husk silica in natural rubber compounds and their vulcanizates in comparison to the unmodified form is also presented in this chapter. The summary and conclusions of the study are presented in Chapter 9.
Page 2: Studies on the use
Page 5 and 6: WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
Page 7: My heartfelt thanks are also due to
Page 11 and 12: 2.2.10 Characterization techniques
Page 13 and 14: Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
Page 17 and 18: Introduction of reinforcement and m
Page 19 and 20: Nanophase material: They are same a
Page 21 and 22: Introduction developed at Oxford Un
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
Page 25 and 26: Introduction The polymers are prepa
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
Page 29 and 30: Introduction and tinted rubber comp
Page 31 and 32: Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
Page 33 and 34: Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
Page 37 and 38: Introduction especially glass and c
Page 39 and 40: Introduction properties, filler cha
Page 41 and 42: Introduction coupling agent in sili
Page 43 and 44: Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
Page 45 and 46: Introduction It has been reported t
Page 47 and 48: Introduction The external manifesta
Page 49 and 50: Introduction concern for a clean en
Page 51 and 52: 12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
Page 53 and 54: 41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
Page 55 and 56: Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
Page 57 and 58: Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
Page 59 and 60:
Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
Page 61 and 62:
Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
Page 63 and 64:
Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
Page 69 and 70:
Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
Page 73 and 74:
Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
Page 75 and 76:
Preparation and characterization of
Page 77 and 78:
3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
Page 79 and 80:
Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88:
3.6 References Preparation and char
Page 89 and 90:
Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104:
4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106:
Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107 and 108:
Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 109 and 110:
Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
Page 113 and 114:
Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116:
Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118:
Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120:
Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122:
Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124:
Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
Page 127 and 128:
Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 129 and 130:
Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
Page 133 and 134:
Use of antioxidant modified precipi
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
Page 163 and 164:
Products from rice husk as filler i
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170:
Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
Page 185 and 186:
8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
Page 187 and 188:
Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
Page 189 and 190:
Summary and Conclusion compounds an
Page 191 and 192:
ASTM : American Society for Testing
Page 193 and 194:
A. International/National journals
Page 195:
P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
show all

Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?