Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 1 the paint industry, in its constant development of improved products, has utilized various aspects of those properties to high degree. 18 Manufacturers discovered that they could produce coatings of brushing consistency and good suspension properties by incorporation of ZnO into their pastes. Painters noted that they furnished better hiding power, whiteness, cleaner tints, tint retention and durability as well as nondarkening in the presence of sulfur fumes. French-process ZnO has been proved superior to American-process type in fungus resistance and less sulphide staining. Metal – protective coatings Zinc metal powder (zinc dust) and zinc compounds have long been utilized for their anticorrosive properties in metal-protective coatings, and today they are the basis of such important especially metal primers as zinc chromate primers. Zinc dust-ZnO paints are especially useful as primers for new or weathered galvanized iron. Such surfaces are difficult to protect because their reactivity with organic coatings leads to brittleness and lack of adhesion. Zinc dust- ZnO paints however, retain their flexibility and adherence on such surfaces for many years. These paints also provide excellent protection to steel structures under normal atmospheric conditions, as well as to steel surfaces in such under-water conditions as dam faces and the interior of fresh water tanks. Fire retardants ZnO and its derivatives were used extensively in fire retardants for the military in World War II and those zinc compounds have since been the subject of extensive research and development for preparation of fire- retardant compositions for a variety of substances. Solutions for fireproofing
Introduction textiles contain ZnO, boric acid, and ammonia in various proportions. It deposits water-insoluble zinc borate on the fibers. Ferrites ZnO continues as an essential ingredient in the “soft” type of ferromagnetic materials for television, radio, and tele-communication applications. In these fields ferrites based on magnetite, nickel oxide and ZnO are used as elements in many types of electronic devices. Numerous electronic instruments for the consumer market utilize ferrites to impart specific functions. In portable and car radios, the antenna cores are ferrites designed to provide highly selective tuning. Television picture tubes constitute a major market for ferrites, particularly for use in fly back transformers and deflection yokes. In the communications area, ferrites are extensively used in the filter inductors of telephone circuit to permit precise inductance adjustment for the purpose of separating channels. Magnetic tape for recorders is improved by use of a magnetite precipitated in the presence of ZnO. Thermoelements ZnO plays an important role in semiconductor ceramic elements for operation at elevated temperatures or high voltages. Such thermoelements can be produced to cover a broad range of thermal and electrical properties. Varistors are composed of semiconductor ZnO modified by other oxides. Developed for use as lightning arrestors and high-voltage surge arrestors in electric transmission lines, they are based on a unique electronic property of semiconductor ZnO, nonlinear resistance. ZnO varistors have high- temperature stability and resistance to humidity, electrical load and current shocks. 19
Page 2: Studies on the use
Page 5 and 6: WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
Page 7 and 8: My heartfelt thanks are also due to
Page 9 and 10: The use of prepared zinc oxides as
Page 11 and 12: 2.2.10 Characterization techniques
Page 13 and 14: Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
Page 17 and 18: Introduction of reinforcement and m
Page 19 and 20: Nanophase material: They are same a
Page 21 and 22: Introduction developed at Oxford Un
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
Page 25 and 26: Introduction The polymers are prepa
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
Page 29 and 30: Introduction and tinted rubber comp
Page 31: Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
Page 37 and 38: Introduction especially glass and c
Page 39 and 40: Introduction properties, filler cha
Page 41 and 42: Introduction coupling agent in sili
Page 43 and 44: Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
Page 45 and 46: Introduction It has been reported t
Page 47 and 48: Introduction The external manifesta
Page 49 and 50: Introduction concern for a clean en
Page 51 and 52: 12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
Page 53 and 54: 41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
Page 55 and 56: Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
Page 57 and 58: Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
Page 59 and 60: Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
Page 75 and 76: Preparation and characterization of
Page 77 and 78: 3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
Page 79 and 80: Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
Page 81 and 82: Preparation and characterization of
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
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3.6 References Preparation and char
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Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
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Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
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4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
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Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
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Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
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Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
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Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
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Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
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Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
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Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
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Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
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Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
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Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
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Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
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Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Use of antioxidant modified precipi
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Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
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Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
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Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
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Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
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7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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Rubber compounding Products from ri
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Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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