Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Preface Nanotechnology is now recognized as one of the most promising areas of technological development in the 21 st century. In materials research, the development of polymer nanocomposites is rapidly emerging as a multidisciplinary research area which can broaden the applications of polymers to the great benefit of many different industries. Polymer nanocomposites are polymers that have been reinforced with small quantities of nano-sized particles which have high aspect ratios. In contrast to conventional composites, where the reinforcing filler size is of the order of microns, polymer nanocomposites are exemplified by reinforcing fillers of the order of few nanometers. The large surface area in this nanosize filler can introduce dramatic improvement in properties. Contents of the thesis The main objective of the study was to upgrade the performance of rubber products (1) by reducing amounts of zinc oxide and (2) by modifying silica for easy incorporation in rubber. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. A comprehensive introduction and review of literature pertaining to composites, nanoparticles and the various ingredients added during rubber compounding are presented in Chapter 1. The scope and objectives of the study are also presented in this chapter. The specifications of the materials and details of the experimental techniques used in this study are given in Chapter 2. Preparation and characterization of nano zinc oxides (ZnO(p) and ZnO(s)) are presented in Chapter 3. The use of nano zinc oxide in natural rubber compounds and their vulcanizates is given in Chapter 4. Use of zinc oxides (ZnO(p) and ZnO(s)) in typical polar synthetic rubber (polychloroprene) compounds and their vulcanizates is given in Chapter 5.
The use of prepared zinc oxides as activator in a typical non polar synthetic rubber (styrene butadiene rubber) is presented in Chapter 6. Modification of precipitated silica surface with antioxidants (derivatives of p-phenylenediamines) and the effect of the use of modified silica in comparison to unmodified silica in natural rubber, polychloroprene and styrene butadiene rubber compounds and their vulcanizates are presented in Chapter 7. Preparation and characterization of mesoporous silica and rice husk silica from low cost silica source are presented in Chapter 8. The use of modified mesoporous silica and modified rice husk silica in natural rubber compounds and their vulcanizates in comparison to the unmodified form is also presented in this chapter. The summary and conclusions of the study are presented in Chapter 9.
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Page 11 and 12: 2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Page 15 and 16: Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
Page 17 and 18: Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Page 21 and 22: Introduction developed at Oxford Un
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
Page 25 and 26: Introduction The polymers are prepa
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Page 39 and 40: Introduction properties, filler cha
Page 41 and 42: Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
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3.6 References Preparation and char
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Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
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Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
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4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
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Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
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Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
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Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
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Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
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Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
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Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
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Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
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Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
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Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
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Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
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Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
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Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Use of antioxidant modified precipi
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Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
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Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
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Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
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Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
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7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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Rubber compounding Products from ri
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Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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