Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 8 mesoporous silica composite. The rate of degradation showed no considerable change. 160 Sample Sample I (meso) Sample II (ppt) Weight (%) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -0.5 0 200 400 600 800 Temperature (°C) ––––––– meso.001 – – – – ppt.001 Figure 8.5 Thermograms of the composites 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Deriv. Weight (%/°C) Universal V4.2E TA Instruments Table 8.4 Thermogravimetric values of composites Initiation temp. 0 C Max.deg temp. 0 C Rate at max deg. %/ 0 C Completion temp. 0 C 25% degg Temp 0 C Residue % 321.7 391.97 1.670 495.36 321.79 14.81 316.2 388.17 1.672 461.05 316.26 12.69 8.3.6 Soxhlet extraction studies Acetone extractable of NR vulcanizates is shown in Table 8.5. Table 8.5 Acetone extractable of NR vulcanizates Vulcanizates Acetone extractable (%) A 5.93 B 6.47
Products from rice husk as filler in natural rubber Soxhlet extraction studies also shows that percentage of acetone extractable in vulcanizate A is lesser than vulcanizate B which indicates that mesoporous silica interact with polymer strongly compared to precipitated silica. 8.4 Conclusions 1. Mesoporous silica prepared from commercially available sodium silicate (which in turn was prepared from fully burnt rice hull ash) exhibits specific properties, such as very fine size and good dispersion of the particles besides of its high surface area and porosity can give rise to strong interactions with natural rubber. 2. Retention in tensile strength on thermal ageing is improved for IPPD bound mesoporous silica composite. 3. Bound rubber content is increased for mix with mesoporous silica compared to mix with precipitated silica. 4. Percentage of acetone extractable is found to be lesser for vulcanizate with mesoporous silica compared to vulcanizate with conventional precipitated silica. Part@ E USE OF ANTIOXIDANT MODIFIED RICE HUSK SILICA IN NATURAL RUBBER 8.5 Experimental RHsilica Preparation 24 Rice husk was thoroughly cleaned with tap water. The cleaned husk was mixed with 0.4 M hydrochloric acid in the ratio of 100 g husk per 1 litre 161
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
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3.6 References Preparation and char
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Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
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Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
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4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
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Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
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Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
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Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
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Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
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Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
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Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
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Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
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Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
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Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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Page 191 and 192: ASTM : American Society for Testing
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