Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 7 148 13. E.R.Ericsson, R.A.Berntsen, E.L.Hill, P.Kusy, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1959, 32, 1062. 14. M.Braden and A.N.Gent, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1962, 35,200. 15. Jean. L Leblanc, Rubber Chem. Technol., 2005, 78, 54. 16. P.J.Flory and J. Rehner, J. Chem. Phys., 1943, 11,512. 17. S. Bandyopadhyay, P.P De, D.K Triathy and S.K De, Rubber chem. Technol., 1996, 69,637. 18. S.K Chakraborty, D.K. Setu, Rubb. Chem. Technol., 1982,55,1286. 19. B.B Boonstra, ‘Reinforcement by fillers’ In: “Rubber technology and manufacture” Second Edition Ed. C.M Blow, Butter worth Scientific, 1982, chapter 7, 269. 20. Shinzo Kohjiya, Yuko ikeda, Rubb. Chem. Technol., 2000, 73,534- 550. 21. M.Kluppel, H.R Schuster, G. Heinrich, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1997, 70, 243. 22. A.R. Payne, “Reinforcement of elastomers” G. Kraus, Ed John Wiley and sons, Newyork, 1965. 23. F. Clement, L. Bokobza and L. Mannerie, Rubber chem. Technol., 2005, 78(2), 211. ********
Products from rice husk as filler in natural rubber VÉÇàxÇàá 8.1 Introduction 8.1 Introduction Part- D Use of antioxidant modified mesoporous silica in natural rubber 8.2 Experimental 8.3 Results and discussion 8.4 Conclusions Part- E Use of antioxidant modified rice husk silica in natural rubber 8.5 Experimental 8.6 Results and discussion 8.7 Conclusions 8.8 References Rice husk is a widely available agricultural waste. India produces around 25 million tons of rice husks. It is largely used as a fuel in small scale, and in large scale for electrical power generation and thermal needs. Rice husk contains 20% ash and leaves large amount of residue (about 25%). This husk can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture 1 or as an additive for cement and concrete fabrication. 2,3 Due to its high silicon content, rice husk has become a source for preparation of elementary silicon 4-5 and a number of silicon compounds 6 especially silica, 7,8 silicon carbide 9,10 and silicon nitride. Therefore, the rice husks are one of the excellent sources of high grade amorphous silica. There are several methods to prepare amorphous silica such as chemical pre-treatment with acid or base and combined with pyrolysis, thermal treatment and biological treatment with enzyme. However the chemical pre–treatment with acid before combustion was most frequently
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
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3.6 References Preparation and char
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Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
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Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
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4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
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Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
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Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
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Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
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Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Page 127 and 128: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Page 139 and 140: Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
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Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
Page 173 and 174: 8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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Page 191 and 192: ASTM : American Society for Testing
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