Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 7 phenylenediamine], 6PPD [N-(1,3-dimethylbuty1)–N′-pheny1-p- phenylenediamine], DPPD [N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine], naphthenic oil, diethylene glycol (DEG), cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulfenamide (CBS), tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), sulphur. Preparation of antioxidant modified precipitated silica 122 Antioxidant (1phr) was mixed with precipitated silica (50phr) in torque rheometer (Brabender plasticorder) at 50 rpm for above the melting temperature of antioxidant for 5 minutes. Antioxidants used in this study, to modify silica are IPPD, 6PPD and DPPD. Preparation of composites Compounds were prepared as per the formulation given in Table 7.1. Table 7.1 Formulation of composites Ingredients (phr) E-1 E-2 F-1 F-2 G-1 G-2 Natural Rubber 100 100 100 100 100 100 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 stearic acid 2 2 2 2 2 2 Antioxidant modified precipitated silica 51(IPPD) - 51(6PPD) - 51 (DPPD) - Precipitated silica - 50 - 50 - 50 IPPD - 1 - - - - 6PPD - - - 1 - - DPPD - - - - - 1 Naphthenic oil 8 8 8 8 8 8 DEG 1 1 1 1 1 1 CBS 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 TMTD 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 S 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Compounds were prepared by mill mixing on a laboratory size (16 x 33 cm) two–roll mill at a friction ratio of 1:1.25 as per ASTM D 3184-89
Use of antioxidant modified precipitated silica in natural rubber, chloroprene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber (2001). After complete mixing of the ingredients the stock was passed out at a fixed nip gap. The samples were kept overnight for maturation. Testing The cure characteristics of all mixes were determined using Rubber Process Analyzer as per ASTM standard D 2084-01. Subsequently the rubber compounds were vulcanized upto the optimum cure time at 150°C in an electrically heated hydraulic press. The mouldings were cooled quickly in water at the end of the curing cycle and stored in a cool dark place for 24 hrs prior to physical testing. Physical properties such as tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, tear strength, hardness, abrasion loss, heat build-up, compression set and flex resistance were studied as per the relevant ASTM standards. <strong>Studies</strong> on rubber filler interactions The strain sweep measurements on unvulcanized samples and vulcanized compounds were conducted to study the rubber-filler interaction. Filled rubber materials need special instruments for rheology. Rubber process analyzer (RPA-2000 Alpha technologies) is a purposely modified commercial dynamic rheometer. 15 The variation of complex modulus with strain was studied for the compounds before and after curing. Swelling studies Swelling studies of the composites were conducted in toluene to find their crosslink densities using Flory-Rehner equation. 16 123
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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Page 85 and 86: 3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
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Page 101 and 102: Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104: 4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
Page 133 and 134: Use of antioxidant modified precipi
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Page 139 and 140: Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
Page 163 and 164: Products from rice husk as filler i
Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
Page 173 and 174: 8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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Page 185 and 186: 8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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