Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 7 126 Torque (dNm) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 Time (min) nr ppt 10 8 neat 6 IPPD 4 nr brab 2 IPPD 0 Torque (dNm) 0 20 Time (min) 40 (a) (b) Torque (dNm) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 Time (min) (c) nr philflex neat nr philflex brab nr 6ppd brab nr 6ppd neat Figure 7.1 Cure graphs of compounds filled with antioxidant modified silica (nr IPPD, 6PPD,DPPD(philflex) brabender mixed) and with neat silica (nr IPPD,6PPD,DPPD(philflex) neat) 7.3.3 Tensile properties Tensile properties of NR vulcanizates with antioxidant modified silica and with neat silica are shown in Table 7.4. Vulcanizate Table 7.4 Tensile properties of NR vulcanizates Tensile strength, Mpa Tensile modulus at 300% elongation, Mpa Elongation at break % Tear strength (N/mm) E-1 23.28 3.50 966 59 E-2 22.60 3.27 1027 54 F-1 21.05 2.93 1017 60 F-2 20.58 2.76 1066 56 G-1 16.27 2.60 995 56 G-2 16.19 2.52 1036 54
Use of antioxidant modified precipitated silica in natural rubber, chloroprene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber The tensile strength behavior of vulcanizates filled with antioxidant modified silica and with neat silica are similar. But there is considerable improvement in other properties for antioxidant modified silica vulcanizates. The antioxidant modified silica vulcanizates showed considerable improvement in tear strength. This can be attributed to the better dispersion and improved filler rubber interaction. The tensile modulus values also show the similar behavior indicating better reinforcement. Elongation at break of different vulcanizates showed that the elongation at break is less for antioxidant modified silica vulcanizates compared to neat silica vulcanizates. Improved tensile strength and reduced elongation at break are considered as criteria for higher filler reinforcement. 19 The improvement in tensile properties for antioxidant modified silica vulcanizates proves the better dispersion of filler in the rubber matrix. 7.3.4 Other technological properties Other properties like hardness, compression set, abrasion loss and flex resistance were compared for the vulcanizates with antioxidant modified silica and with neat silica and is given in the Table 7.5. Antioxidant modified silica vulcanizates showed better abrasion resistance. This is due to the strong adhesion of silica particles on rubber chains. Hardness also showed the same improvement. Compression set are found to be comparatively low for antioxidant modified silica composites. This indicates lower elasticity of antioxidant modified silica vulcanizates. Table 7.5 Technological properties of vulcanizates Property E-1 E-2 F-1 F-2 G-1 G-2 Hardness (shore A) 60 54 65 65 62 60 Compression set (%) 54.40 61.78 56.90 64.28 55.63 56.58 Abrasion loss (cc/hr) 5.42 5.94 6.26 6.35 5.66 5.97 Flex resistance (k cycles ) 35.7 28.6 24.3 24.1 26.6 25 127
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
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3.6 References Preparation and char
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Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Page 113 and 114: Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Page 127 and 128: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
Page 133 and 134: Use of antioxidant modified precipi
Page 139: Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
Page 163 and 164: Products from rice husk as filler i
Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
Page 173 and 174: 8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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