Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Experimental Techniques and Materials used 2.1 Materials 2.2 Experimental methods 2.3 References The specifications of the materials and details of the experimental techniques used in this study are given in this chapter. 2.1 Materials 2.1.1 Rubbers Natural rubber VÉÇàxÇàá The natural rubber used in the study was ISNR-5 of Mooney viscosity ML (1+4) at 100°C equal to 85, obtained from the Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam. The Bureau of Indian Standards specifications for the grade of rubber are given in Table 2.1. 1 Table 2.1 BIS specifications of ISNR – 5 Sl. No. Parameters Limit 1. Dirt content % by mass, max 0.05 2. Volatile matter, % by mass, max 0.8 3. Nitrogen, % by mass, max 0.6 4. Ash, % by mass, max 0.6 5. Initial plasticity, Po, Min 30 6. Plasticity retention index (PRI), min 60
Chapter 2 47 In a particular experiment, rubber from the same lot has been used. This is because the molecular weight distribution and non-rubber constituents of natural rubber are affected by clonal, seasonal variation and method of preparation etc. 2 Chloroprene rubber Chloroprene rubber (CR) with a Mooney viscosity ML (1+4), at 100°C of 47 and specifications given in Table 2.2 was supplied by Toyo Soda Mfg Co. Ltd, Tokyo. Table 2.2 Specifications of CR Sl. No. Parameters Limit 1. Viscosity Very low 2. Crystallization resistance poor 3. Peptizable poor 4. Extendable good 5. Stability excellent Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) Styrene butadiene rubber used was SBR 1502 grade, obtained from JSR Company, Japan. The Mooney viscosity (ML 1+4, 100°C) was 52. The specifications are given below. Table 2.3 Specifications of SBR Volatile matter, % by mass 0.23 Ash, % by mass 0.24 Organic acid, % 5.53 Soap Traces Bound Styrene, % by mass 24.00
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
Page 9 and 10: The use of prepared zinc oxides as
Page 11 and 12: 2.2.10 Characterization techniques
Page 13 and 14: Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
Page 17 and 18: Introduction of reinforcement and m
Page 19 and 20: Nanophase material: They are same a
Page 21 and 22: Introduction developed at Oxford Un
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
Page 25 and 26: Introduction The polymers are prepa
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
Page 29 and 30: Introduction and tinted rubber comp
Page 31 and 32: Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
Page 33 and 34: Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
Page 37 and 38: Introduction especially glass and c
Page 39 and 40: Introduction properties, filler cha
Page 41 and 42: Introduction coupling agent in sili
Page 43 and 44: Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
Page 45 and 46: Introduction It has been reported t
Page 47 and 48: Introduction The external manifesta
Page 49 and 50: Introduction concern for a clean en
Page 51 and 52: 12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
Page 53 and 54: 41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
Page 55 and 56: Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
Page 57 and 58: Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
Page 59: Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
Page 75 and 76: Preparation and characterization of
Page 77 and 78: 3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
Page 79 and 80: Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
Page 89 and 90: Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
Page 101 and 102: Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104: 4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
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Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
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Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
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Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
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Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
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Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
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Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
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Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
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Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
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Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
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Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Use of antioxidant modified precipi
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Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
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Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
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Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
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Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
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7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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Rubber compounding Products from ri
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Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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